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. 2019 Mar 11;42(4):601–608. doi: 10.2337/dc18-1970

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© 2019 by the American Diabetes Association.

Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. More information is available at http://www.diabetesjournals.org/content/license.

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Forest plot of diabetes HRs and hazard RDs with diabetes defined by HbA_1c levels for metformin vs. placebo over 15 years by subgroups defined at DPP baseline. Point estimates and 95% CIs shown. Highlighted rows show significant treatment-by-group interactions. Group interactions were tested using continuous values for baseline values of age (years), BMI (kg/m²), FPG and 2-h glucose (2hrPG) (mg/dL), and HbA_1c (%). Statistically significant (P < 0.05) interactions of metformin treatment by subgroup are indicated by shading and as follows: *HbA_1c-by-treatment interaction P = 0.001; ‡FPG-by-treatment interaction P = 0.04. Afr Am, African American; Am Indn, American Indian; eth, ethnicity; GDM, history of prior GDM; NHW, non-Hispanic white.