Table 3.
Meta-regression of the extent of influence value stratified by study-level characteristics
| Factor | Estimate | 95 CI% of estimate | P value | |
| Lower | Upper | |||
| Academic interests | ||||
| Country | −0.2314 | −1.1575 | 0.6946 | 0.6302 |
| Survey years | 0.3811 | −0.3580 | 1.1202 | 0.2711 |
| Specialty | −0.4892 | −1.5345 | 0.5562 | 0.4008 |
| Sample size | 0.2362 | −0.5488 | 1.0212 | 0.6537 |
| Competencies | ||||
| Country | 0.6946 | −1.1461 | 0.8938 | 0.8376 |
| Survey years | −1.0418 | −2.0950 | 0.0114 | 0.0151 |
| Specialty | 0.0904 | −1.5786 | 1.7594 | 0.9398 |
| Sample size | −0.5720 | −1.8606 | 0.7166 | 0.5823 |
| Controllable lifestyle or flexible work schedule | ||||
| Country | −0.1261 | −1.1461 | 0.8938 | 0.9614 |
| Survey years | −0.0001 | −0.4052 | 0.4051 | 0.9822 |
| Specialty | −0.8989 | −1.4979 | −0.3000 | 0.0035 |
| Sample size | −0.0518 | −0.4396 | 0.3361 | 0.7203 |
| Patient service orientation | ||||
| Country | −0.6238 | −1.3118 | 0.0642 | 0.0833 |
| Survey years | −0.0414 | −0.6912 | 0.6083 | 0.8524 |
| Specialty | −1.5982 | −2.5227 | −0.6737 | 0.0010 |
| Sample size | −0.1157 | −0.7473 | 0.5159 | 0.6358 |
| Medical teachers or mentors | ||||
| Country | 0.7395 | 0.3117 | 1.1674 | 0.0007 |
| Survey years | 0.1133 | −0.3580 | 0.5845 | 0.6376 |
| Specialty | 0.0605 | −0.4441 | 0.5652 | 0.8141 |
| Sample size | −0.1202 | −0.5567 | 0.3163 | 0.5894 |
| Career opportunities | ||||
| Country | 0.1075 | −0.7030 | 0.9179 | 0.5828 |
| Survey years | 0.3284 | −0.3913 | 1.0480 | 0.7546 |
| Specialty | −0.9292 | −1.8015 | −0.0570 | 0.0077 |
| Sample size | 0.3654 | 0.1156 | 1.5478 | 0.0081 |
| Workload or working hours | ||||
| Country | −0.4535 | −1.5086 | 0.6016 | 0.3981 |
| Survey years | 0.4624 | −0.5417 | 1.4665 | 0.3922 |
| Specialty | −0.9878 | −2.1727 | 0.1972 | 0.1070 |
| Sample size | 0.0982 | −0.8589 | 1.0553 | 0.8205 |
| Income | ||||
| Country | 0.1058 | −0.4665 | 0.6781 | 0.7390 |
| Survey years | 0.0999 | −0.4379 | 0.6377 | 0.8774 |
| Specialty | −0.6457 | −1.3267 | 0.0352 | 0.0480 |
| Sample size | 0.0523 | −0.4826 | 0.5872 | 0.6786 |
| Length of training | ||||
| Country | −0.1559 | −1.2782 | 0.9664 | 0.7854 |
| Survey years | −0.2158 | −1.4089 | 0.9772 | 0.7229 |
| Specialty | 0.3959 | −0.9585 | 1.7502 | 0.5667 |
| Sample size | 0.1565 | −0.6631 | 0.9761 | 0.7082 |
| Prestige | ||||
| Country | −0.3346 | −1.0799 | 0.4106 | 0.3485 |
| Survey years | −0.4513 | −1.1378 | 0.2352 | 0.0950 |
| Specialty | −1.0112 | −1.8980 | −0.1244 | 0.0172 |
| Sample size | 0.0355 | −0.6013 | 0.6723 | 0.5214 |
| Advice from others | ||||
| Country | −0.0097 | −0.0722 | 0.0529 | 0.9328 |
| Survey years | −0.0861 | −0.1471 | −0.0251 | 0.0057 |
| Specialty | −0.2017 | −0.2790 | −0.1244 | <0.0001 |
| Sample size | 0.2125 | 0.1309 | 0.2941 | <0.0001 |
| Student debt | ||||
| Country | 2.7853 | 2.0544 | 3.5162 | 0.0001 |
| Survey years | −0.1567 | −0.6707 | 0.3573 | 0.5502 |
| Sample size | −0.5248 | −1.0108 | −0.0388 | 0.0343 |