Table 1.
Demographics, medical background and antibiotic use of study participants
| Characteristic | N (%) Total n=693 |
| Age (median, IQR) | 53.0 (38.0–66.0) |
| Females | 393 (56.7) |
| Race | |
| Chinese | 513 (74.0) |
| Malay | 78 (11.3) |
| Indian | 83 (12.0) |
| Other ethnicities | 19 (2.7) |
| Education level | |
| Graduate | 88 (12.7) |
| Diploma | 251 (36.2) |
| Secondary | 195 (28.1) |
| Primary | 122 (17.6) |
| No formal education | 37 (5.3) |
| Housing type | |
| One-room, two-room or three-room public housing | 334 (48.2) |
| Four-room or five-room public housing | 327 (47.2) |
| Private landed property | 32 (4.6) |
| Number of occupants in the household | |
| Overall (median, IQR) | 3 (2–4) |
| ≤3 persons | 369 (53.2) |
| 4–5 persons | 257 (37.1) |
| ≥6 persons | 67 (9.7) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Any chronic illnesses | 239 (34.5) |
| Hypertension | 105 (15.2) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 76 (11.0) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 67 (9.7) |
| Recent hospitalisation in the past 1 year | 102 (14.7) |
| Antibiotic consumption | |
| Within past 6 months | 175 (25.3) |
| >6 months ago | 441 (63.6) |
| Never taken antibiotics | 77 (11.1) |