Table 3.
Binary logistic regression of factors independently associated with low adherence (< 3 pills per week or no show at month 1) among Thai MSM and TGW (N = 653)
| Variables | Univariate | Multivariable | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR | 95% CI | p | aOR | 95% CI | p | |
| Demographic data | ||||||
| Age (years) | 0.002 | 0.044 | ||||
| Age ≤ 25 | 1.67 | 1.20–2.31 | 1.49 | 1.01–2.21 | ||
| Age > 25 | Ref | – | Ref | – | ||
| Gender | < 0.001 | 0.005 | ||||
| TGW | 3.8 | 2.38–6.08 | 2.2 | 1.27–3.83 | ||
| Male | Ref | – | Ref | – | ||
| Sites | < 0.001 | |||||
| Chiang Mai/Songkhla | 0.99 | 0.55–1.75 | 0.97 | 0 .53–1.79 | 0.924 | |
| Chonburi | 4.24 | 2.74–6.56 | 2.91 | 1.55–5.45 | 0.001 | |
| Bangkok | Ref | – | Ref | – | ||
| Nationality | 0.01 | 0.28 | ||||
| Thai | Ref | – | Ref | – | ||
| Foreigner | 2.57 | 1.24–5.30 | 1.57 | 0.70–3.52 | ||
| Marital status | 0.52 | |||||
| Single | Ref | – | ||||
| Living together/Married | 0.98 | 0.58–1.67 | ||||
| Divorced/Widow | 0.33 | 0.04–2.82 | ||||
| Education* | < 0.001 | |||||
| Less than Bachelor degree | 2.76 | 1.97–3.86 | ||||
| Bachelor degree and above | Ref | – | ||||
| Occupation* | < 0.001 | |||||
| Unemployed/Student | 1.1 | 0.72–1.69 | 0.93 | 0.57–1.52 | 0.76 | |
| Employed | Ref | – | Ref | – | ||
| Service Worker (beautician, restaurant, etc.) | 3.31 | 2.05–5.33 | 1.09 | 0.57–2.10 | 0.92 | |
| Income (THB)* | 0.0029 | |||||
| Less than or equal 20,000 THB | 1.73 | 1.20–2.49 | ||||
| Greater than 20,000 THB | Ref | – | ||||
| Have ever had HIV testing/services at clinic before enrollment in this study | 0.16 | 0.04 | ||||
| New Client | 1.37 | 0.87–2.16 | 1.68 | 1.03–2.76 | ||
| Yes | Ref | – | Ref | – | ||
| Risk behavior at baseline | ||||||
| Age at first sexual intercourse (years) | 0.19 | |||||
| < 18 | 1.26 | 0.89–1.78 | ||||
| ≥ 18 | Ref | – | ||||
| HIV perceive risk in the past 3 months | 0.39 | |||||
| No risk | 1.71 | 0.89–3.28 | ||||
| Mild | 1.07 | 0.66–1.74 | ||||
| Moderate | 1.16 | 0.72–1.89 | ||||
| High | Ref | – | ||||
| Number of sexual partners in the past 3 months (all MSM, female and TG) | 0.93 | |||||
| No sexual partner/Single partner | Ref | – | ||||
| Multiple partners | 1.02 | 0.68–1.52 | ||||
| Number of sex partners in past 3 months (all MSM, female and TG) | 0.27 | |||||
| < 3 | Ref | – | ||||
| ≥ 3 | 1.23 | 0.85–1.80 | ||||
| Condom use (anal receptive or insertive) in the past 3 months | 0.42 | |||||
| Safe sex (No sexual activity + Always) | Ref | – | ||||
| Unprotected sex (Never + Sometimes) | 1.15 | 0.82–1.63 | ||||
| Substance/stimulant/drug use in the past 3 months | 0.98 | |||||
| No | Ref | – | ||||
| Yes (Overall participants that reported substance/stimulant/drug use at least once) | 1 | 0.70–1.41 | ||||
| Amphetamine-type stimulant use in the past 3 months | 0.83 | |||||
| None | Ref | – | ||||
| Yes | 0.93 | 0.47–1.84 | ||||
| Symptoms of STI or previously diagnosed with STI (gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes, syphilis) in the past 3 months | 0.67 | |||||
| None | Ref | – | ||||
| Yes, have any STI | 0.85 | 0.49–1.46 | ||||
| Unsure | 1.21 | 0.65–2.22 | ||||
| Had group sex in the past 3 months | 0.61 | |||||
| Didn’t have group sex | Ref | – | ||||
| Yes, times of group sex < 3 | 1.27 | 0.56–2.89 | ||||
| Yes, times of group sex ≥3 | 1.15 | 0.74–1.79 | ||||
| If yes, number of partners during group sex | 0.73 | |||||
| Didn’t have group sex | Ref | – | ||||
| Yes, # of sex partners during group sex each time < 3 | 1.27 | 0.56–2.89 | ||||
| Yes, # of sex partners during group sex each time ≥ 3 | 1.15 | 0.74–1.79 | ||||
| If yes, condom usage during group sex | 0.29 | |||||
| Didn’t have group sex | Ref | – | ||||
| None or Sometimes | 1.65 | 0.88–3.11 | ||||
| Always | 0.97 | 0.58–1.60 | ||||
| If yes, substance usage during group sex | 0.61 | |||||
| Didn’t have group sex | Ref | – | ||||
| Never | 1.32 | 0.76–2.28 | ||||
| Sometimes or Always | 1 | 0.57–1.73 | ||||
*Education, occupation, and income were found to have collinearity. Occupation was chosen to include into the final logistic model