Table 4.
Modified stepwise Poisson regression models showing prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CI for comorbidities by demographic characteristics among Bangladeshi adults
| Model | Group-A (diabetes and hypertension) |
Group-B (diabetes and overweight/obesity) |
Group-C (hypertension and overweight/obesity) |
Group-D (diabetes, hypertension and overweight/obesity) |
| Model-1 (Wealth index) | ||||
| Wealth index | ||||
| Richest | 3.94 (2.42 to 6.41)* | 9.69 (4.84 to 19.4)* | 6.83 (4.66 to 10)* | 8.67 (3.65 to 20.56)* |
| Richer | 1.52 (0.88 to 2.61) | 3.39 (1.61 to 7.16)* | 3.78 (2.53 to 5.64)* | 2.44 (0.95 to 6.31) |
| Middle | 0.9 (0.47 to 1.71) | 1.63 (0.69 to 3.81) | 1.3 (0.81 to 2.07) | 1.17 (0.37 to 3.7) |
| Poorer | 0.9 (0.47 to 1.73) | 0.81 (0.31 to 2.16) | 1.13 (0.7 to 1.84) | 0.79 (0.24 to 2.64) |
| Poorest | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Model-6 (Wealth index+sex+age+education+occupation+place of residence) | ||||
| Wealth index | ||||
| Richest | 2.32 (1.32 to 4.1)* | 4.84 (2.26 to 10.4)* | 4.85 (3.25 to 7.24)* | 3.99 (1.58 to 10.11)* |
| Richer | 1.12 (0.66 to 1.91) | 2.22 (1.02 to 4.8) | 3.03 (2.04 to 4.49) | 1.59 (0.65 to 3.92) |
| Middle | 0.74 (0.39 to 1.38) | 1.23 (0.54 to 2.82) | 1.1 (0.69 to 1.75) | 0.9 (0.31 to 2.64) |
| Poorer | 0.78 (0.41 to 1.48) | 0.71 (0.27 to 1.88) | 1.06 (0.65 to 1.7) | 0.7 (0.22 to 2.24) |
| Poorest | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 0.67 (0.35 to 1.31) | 0.91 (0.47 to 1.78) | 1.44 (1.06 to 1.96)* | 1.05 (0.46 to 2.36) |
| Male | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Age | ||||
| Older | 2.17 (1.58 to 2.99)* | 0.87 (0.62 to 1.21) | 1.11 (0.91 to 1.35) | 1.61 (1.05 to 2.49)* |
| Younger | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Education | ||||
| College or higher | 1.38 (0.85 to 2.25) | 1.53 (0.93 to 2.5) | 1.09 (0.82 to 1.45) | 1.4 (0.74 to 2.63) |
| Secondary | 1.06 (0.68 to 1.65) | 1.33 (0.8 to 2.19) | 0.91 (0.68 to 1.2) | 1.24 (0.65 to 2.38) |
| Primary | 1.03 (0.69 to 1.53) | 1.42 (0.89 to 2.26) | 1.18 (0.93 to 1.5) | 1.25 (0.69 to 2.28) |
| No education, preschool | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Occupational | ||||
| Non-manual | 3.27 (1.94 to 5.52)* | 4.22 (2.26 to 7.9)* | 3.04 (2.19 to 4.22)* | 3.69 (1.63 to 8.36)* |
| Manual | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Place of residence | ||||
| Urban | 1.33 (0.9 to 1.95) | 1.17 (0.8 to 1.72) | 1.04 (0.85 to 1.27) | 1.72 (0.99 to 3.01) |
| Rural | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
*Statistical significance at p<0.05.