Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics and socioeconomic status of the participants
| Variables | Total sample | Adolescent mothers | Adult mothers | P value† |
| n=220 | n=110 (50%) | n=110 (50%) | ||
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 22.36±2.5 | 21.45±2.9 | 23.37±1.6 | <0.001* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.37±4.0 | 21.84±4.1 | 22.89±3.8 | 0.052 |
| Weight status (n, %) | ||||
| Underweight | 29 (13.2) | 22 (75.9) | 7 (24.1) | 0.029* |
| Normal | 147 (66.8) | 68 (46.3) | 79 (53.7) | |
| Overweight | 32 (14.5) | 15 (46.9) | 17 (53.1) | |
| Obese | 12 (5.5) | 5 (41.7) | 7 (58.3) | |
| Level of education (n, %) | ||||
| None | 33 (15.0) | 25 (75.8) | 8 (24.3) | <0.001* |
| Quranic | 102 (46.4) | 57 (55.9) | 45 (44.1) | |
| Primary | 30 (13.6) | 15 (50) | 15 (50) | |
| Secondary | 36 (16.4) | 11 (30.6) | 25 (69.4) | |
| Tertiary | 19 (8.6)) | 2 (10.5) | 17 (89.5) | |
| Occupation (n, %) | ||||
| Farming | 11 (5.0) | 6 (54.5) | 5 (45.5) | 0.281 |
| Trading | 67 (30.5) | 34 (50.7) | 33 (49.3) | |
| Civil servant | 10 (4.5) | 2 (20) | 8 (80) | |
| House wife | 132 (60.0) | 68 (51.5) | 64 (48.5) | |
| Religious affiliation (n, %) | ||||
| Muslim | 203 (92.3) | 103 (50.7) | 100 (49.3) | 0.449 |
| Christian | 17 (7.7) | 7 (41.2) | 10 (58.8) | |
| Number of children born (n, %) | ||||
| One | 79 (35.9) | 26 (32.9) | 53 (67.1) | <0.001* |
| Two | 68 (30.9) | 29 (42.6) | 39 (57.4) | |
| Three | 45 (20.5) | 28 (62.2) | 17 (37.8) | |
| ≥Four | 28 (12.7) | 27 (96.4) | 1 (3.6) | |
| Marital status (n, %) | ||||
| Married | 180 (81.8) | 92 (51.1) | 88 (48.9) | 0.508 |
| Not married | 5 (2.3) | 2 (40) | 3 (60) | |
| Divorced | 27 (12.3) | 14 (51.9) | 3 (48.1) | |
| Widowed | 8 (3.6) | 2 (25) | 6 (75) | |
| Years of marriage (n, %)‡ | ||||
| Less than 5 | 111 (50.5) | 36 (32.4) | 75 (67.6) | <0.001* |
| 5–9 | 108 (49.1) | 74 (68.5) | 34 (31.5) | |
| Socioeconomic status | ||||
| Source of drinking water (n, %)‡ | ||||
| Borehole into dwelling | 24 (10.9) | 10 (41.7) | 14 (58.3) | 0.367 |
| Public tap | 172 (78.2%) | 86 (50.0) | 86 (50.0) | |
| Open well | 22 (10.0) | 14 (63.6) | 8 (36.4) | |
| Surface water | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) | |
| Type of toilet facilities (n, %)‡ | ||||
| Flush toilet | 21 (9.5) | 2 (9.5) | 19 (90.5) | <0.001* |
| Pit toilet | 191 (86.8) | 105 (55.0) | 86 45.0) | |
| No facility | 7 (3.2) | 3 (42.9) | 4 (57.1) | |
| Cooking facilities (n, %)‡ | ||||
| Gas | 7 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (100.0) | 0.004* |
| Kerosene | 20 (9.1) | 5 (25.0) | 15 (75.0) | |
| Charcoal | 146 (66.4) | 79 (54.1) | 67 (45.9) | |
| Firewood | 47 (21.4%) | 26 (55.3) | 21 (44.7) | |
| Household car/bus (n, %)‡ | ||||
| Yes | 14 (6.4) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (100.0) | <0.001* |
| No | 205 (93.2) | 109 (53.2) | 96 (46.8) |
*Significant difference between group (p<0.05).
†Values based on independent t-tests statistics for continuous variables and χ2 statistics for categorical variables.
‡Values do not add up to 220 due to missing data.
BMI, Body mass index.