Table 3.
HRs* for cardiovascular and psychiatric disorders, mortality, sick leave, and disability pension among Western and non-Western migrants compared with native Swedes
| n | Crude HR | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
| HR (95% CI) | ||||||
| Cardiovascular | ||||||
| 1991–1996 | ||||||
| Sweden | 9413 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Western | 34 | 0.43 (0.33 to 0.57) | 0.80 (0.61 to 1.05) | 0.80 (0.61 to 1.07) | 0.90 (0.63 to 1.27) | 0.85 (0.54 to 1.32) |
| Non-Western | 331 | 0.84 (0.77 to 0.92) | 1.42 (1.29 to 1.55) | 1.36 (1.24 to 1.5) | 1.23 (1.08 to 1.41) | 1.06 (0.90 to 1.26) |
| 1997–2002 | ||||||
| Sweden | 19 233 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Western | 47 | 0.39 (0.31 to 0.50) | 0.70 (0.55 to 0.88) | 0.70 (0.55 to 0.89) | 0.72 (0.54 to 0.96) | 0.61 (0.42 to 0.90) |
| Non-Western | 655 | 0.90 (0.84 to 0.96) | 1.43 (1.34 to 1.53) | 1.38 (1.29 to 1.48) | 1.16 (1.06 to 1.28) | 0.95 (0.84 to 1.08) |
| 2003–2008 | ||||||
| Sweden | 28 858 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Western | 87 | 0.57 (0.48 to 0.68) | 0.88 (0.74 to 1.05) | 0.87 (0.73 to 1.04) | 0.97 (0.79 to 1.19) | 1.00 (0.78 to 1.29) |
| Non-Western | 1132 | 1.08 (1.03 to 1.14) | 1.54 (1.46 to 1.61) | 1.46 (1.39 to 1.54) | 1.31 (1.22 to 1.41) | 1.16 (1.06 to 1.28) |
| Psychiatric | ||||||
| 1991–1996 | ||||||
| Sweden | 7197 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Western | 46 | 0.74 (0.59 to 0.94) | 0.78 (0.62 to 0.98) | 0.77 (0.60 to 0.98) | 0.97 (0.73 to 1.30) | 0.95 (0.66 to 1.36) |
| Non-Western | 633 | 2.10 (1.97 to 2.24) | 2.23 (2.09 to 2.38) | 2.04 (1.90 to 2.20) | 1.80 (1.63 to 2.00) | 1.36 (1.19 to 1.56) |
| 1997–2002 | ||||||
| Sweden | 11 393 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Western | 73 | 1.02 (0.84 to 1.23) | 1.04 (0.86 to 1.26) | 1.02 (0.84 to 1.23) | 1.00 (0.79 to 1.28) | 0.76 (0.55 to 1.07) |
| Non-Western | 691 | 1.59 (1.50 to 1.70) | 1.65 (1.55 to 1.76) | 1.52 (1.42 to 1.63) | 1.37 (1.25 to 1.51) | 0.99 (0.88 to 1.12) |
| 2003–2008 | ||||||
| Sweden | 11 169 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Western | 62 | 1.07 (0.87 to 1.32) | 1.06 (0.86 to 1.3) | 1.08 (0.87 to 1.33) | 1.05 (0.82 to 1.36) | 0.97 (0.70 to 1.34) |
| Non-Western | 737 | 1.80 (1.69 to 1.91) | 1.80 (1.69 to 1.91) | 1.70 (1.59 to 1.81) | 1.53 (1.39 to 1.68) | 1.14 (1.02 to 1.29) |
| Mortality | ||||||
| 1991–1996 | ||||||
| Sweden | 9637 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Western | 56 | 0.68 (0.55 to 0.85) | 0.90 (0.73 to 1.11) | 0.62 (0.49 to 0.79) | 1.04 (0.79 to 1.38) | 0.83 (0.58 to 1.20) |
| Non-Western | 300 | 0.74 (0.68 to 0.82) | 0.92 (0.84 to 1.01) | 0.71 (0.64 to 0.79) | 0.80 (0.69 to 0.92) | 0.57 (0.48 to 0.68) |
| 1997–2002 | ||||||
| Sweden | 14 128 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Western | 61 | 0.70 (0.57 to 0.86) | 1.02 (0.83 to 1.26) | 0.76 (0.61 to 0.94) | 1.20 (0.94 to 1.54) | 0.98 (0.72 to 1.33) |
| Non-Western | 314 | 0.59 (0.53 to 0.64) | 0.79 (0.73 to 0.87) | 0.61 (0.55 to 0.68) | 0.76 (0.67 to 0.86) | 0.48 (0.40 to 0.56) |
| 2003–2008 | ||||||
| Sweden | 21 643 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Western | 61 | 0.56 (0.46 to 0.69) | 0.83 (0.67 to 1.01) | 0.66 (0.54 to 0.82) | 0.90 (0.71 to 1.15) | 0.81 (0.59 to 1.10) |
| Non-Western | 440 | 0.58 (0.53 to 0.62) | 0.79 (0.73 to 0.85) | 0.62 (0.57 to 0.67) | 0.74 (0.66 to 0.82) | 0.53 (0.46 to 0.60) |
| Sick leave** | ||||||
| 1993–1996 | ||||||
| Sweden | 152 483 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Western | 1254 | 0.69 (0.66 to 0.73) | 0.75 (0.71 to 0.79) | 0.81 (0.77 to 0.86) | 0.99 (0.93 to 1.05) | 0.93 (0.86 to 1.00) |
| Non-Western | 13 271 | 1.11 (1.09 to 1.13) | 1.21 (1.19 to 1.24) | 1.19 (1.17 to 1.22) | 1.44 (1.41 to 1.48) | 1.31 (1.28 to 1.35) |
| 1997–2002 | ||||||
| Sweden | 265 497 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Western | 1254 | 0.74 (0.71 to 0.78) | 0.80 (0.77 to 0.84) | 0.85 (0.81 to 0.89) | 0.91 (0.87 to 0.96) | 0.84 (0.78 to 0.90) |
| Non-Western | 13 271 | 1.35 (1.33 to 1.37) | 1.50 (1.48 to 1.52) | 1.47 (1.45 to 1.49) | 1.50 (1.47 to 1.53) | 1.41 (1.38 to 1.45) |
| 2003–2008 | ||||||
| Sweden | 264 712 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Western | 1162 | 0.81 (0.78 to 0.85) | 0.87 (0.83 to 0.91) | 0.90 (0.86 to 0.95) | 0.93 (0.88 to 0.98) | 0.97 (0.89 to 1.05) |
| Non-Western | 12 876 | 1.49 (1.47 to 1.51) | 1.65 (1.63 to 1.68) | 1.61 (1.58 to 1.63) | 1.49 (1.47 to 1.52) | 1.48 (1.43 to 1.52) |
| Disability pension | ||||||
| 1991–1996 | ||||||
| Sweden | 61 250 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Western | 132 | 0.23 (0.20 to 0.27) | 0.32 (0.28 to 0.37) | 0.11 (0.10 to 0.13) | 0.61 (0.51 to 0.73) | 0.56 (0.45 to 0.70) |
| Non-Western | 1694 | 0.64 (0.62 to 0.67) | 0.88 (0.85 to 0.91) | 0.40 (0.38 to 0.42) | 1.37 (1.30 to 1.45) | 1.10 (1.03 to 1.18) |
| 1997–2002 | ||||||
| Sweden | 53 897 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Western | 230 | 0.70 (0.63 to 0.78) | 0.94 (0.85 to 1.04) | 0.96 (0.87 to 1.07) | 1.10 (0.98 to 1.25) | 0.75 (0.65 to 0.88) |
| Non-Western | 4193 | 2.08 (2.03 to 2.13) | 2.81 (2.74 to 2.89) | 2.60 (2.53 to 2.67) | 2.27 (2.18 to 2.36) | 1.30 (1.24 to 1.36) |
| 2003–2008 | ||||||
| Sweden | 82 640 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Western | 349 | 0.81 (0.74 to 0.88) | 1.01 (0.93 to 1.10) | 1.03 (0.95 to 1.13) | 1.01 (0.91 to 1.12) | 0.83 (0.72 to 0.95) |
| Non-Western | 5534 | 2.00 (1.96 to 2.04) | 2.60 (2.54 to 2.66) | 2.44 (2.38 to 2.50) | 2.03 (1.97 to 2.10) | 1.61 (1.54 to 1.69) |
*Data for sick leave is available 1993-2008
Model 1: adjusted for sex and age.
Model 2: adjusted for sex, age and educational level.
Model 3: adjusted for sex, age, educational level and occupation (blue-collar or white-collar).
Model 4: adjusted for sex, age, educational level, occupation (blue-collar or white-collar) and labour market attachment (economic active/inactive during the follow-up).