Exhibit 2.

Summary Results for Potential Innovations: Cancer and the Biology of Aging

Innovation	Likelihood of occurrence at 20 years*	Brief Summary of Impact
Telomerase inhibitors	100%	Mortality: 50% will be cured; 50% will have a 25% prolongation of life.
Cancer vaccines	10–20%	Melanoma/renal cell carcinoma could be cured. All other cancers could have a 25% boost in survival.
Selective estrogen receptor modulators	90%	Breast cancer decrease of approximately 30%, decreased osteoporosis (increase bone density in spine of osteoporotic women by 2%).
Antiangiogenesis	70–100%	Disease arrest for metastatic disease in 10–50% of solid tumors.
Diabetes prevention via drugs that enhance insulin sensitivity	65%	50% prevention in Type II diabetes over more than 10–15 years.
Compounds that extend life span	0–50%	10–20 years of extra life of an equivalency between 20–50 years of age.
Compounds that improve cognition	20%	Decrease in traffic accidents and pedestrian accidents due to improved reflex ability, increased period of participation in the work force.

SOURCE: Adapted from D.P. Goldman et al., Health Status and Medical Treatment of the Future Elderly: Final Report, Pub. no. TR-169-CMS (Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND, 2004), Table 3.2.