Table 1.

Selected clinical trials involving MSCs in cardiovascular disorders

Disorder	Trial acronym and/or number	Phase	Type of trial	Cells applied	Amount of cells	Time from onset	Delivery method	Results	Reference
Myocardial infarction	NCT00114452	I	randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose escalation	alio BM‐MSCs	0.5 × 106/kg, 1.6 × 106/kg, 5.0 × 106/kg	1–10 days	intravenous	no arrythomogenicity, no tumorogenicity	[ 67]
Myocardial infarction	NCT00877903	II	randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled	alio BM‐MSCs	undisclosed	<7 days	intravenous	↓ hypertrophy ↓. arrhythmia, left ventricle reverse remodeling	‐
Myocardial infarction	NTR1553	I	nonrandomized, controled	auto BM‐MSCs	>10 × l06	<1 month	intramyocardial	no adverse effects	[ 68]
Myocardial infarction	APOLLO, NCT00442806	I/IIa	randomized, double‐ blinded, placebo‐ controlled	auto AT‐MSCs	average 17.4 ± 4.1 × 106	<24 hours	intracoronary	no adverse effects ↓. scar tissue ↑ perfusion	[ 69]
Myocardial infarction	‐	pilot	first‐in‐man	alio WJ‐MSCs	30 × 106	5–7 days	transcoronary	no adverse effects	[ 13]
Myocardial infarction	NCT01291329	II	randomized, double‐ blinded, placebo‐ controlled	alio WJ‐MSCs	6 × 106	5–7 days	intracoronary	↑ ejection fraction ↓ heart perfusion	[ 70]
Myocardial infarction	CADUCEUS, NCT00893360	I	prospective, randomized, controlled	auto MSCs+ CSCs	12.5, 25 × 106	1, 5–3 months	intracoronary	↓ scar tissue ↑ contractility	[ 71]
Chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy	POSEIDON, NCTO1087996	I/II	randomized comparison, dose escalation	alio vs auto BM‐MSCs	20, 100, 200 × 106	not applicable	transendocardial	↑ ejection fraction ↓ scar tissue	[ 73]
Chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy	TAC‐HFT, NCT00768066	I/II	randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled	auto BM‐MSCs vs auto BMMNCs	100, 200 × 106	not applicable	transendocardial	no adverse effects ↓ infarct size	[ 74]
Chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy	PROMETHEUS, NCT00587990	I/II	randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled	auto BM‐MSCs	2 × 107, 2 × 108	not applicable	intramyocardial	local ↑ contraction ↓ scar tissue	[ 75]
Chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy	PRECISE, NCT00426868	II	randomized, placebo‐ controlled, double‐blinded	auto AT‐MSCs	0.4 × 106 / kg, 0.8 × 106 / kg, 1.2 × 106 /kg	not applicable	transendocardial	↑ left ventricular mass ↑ contractility ↑ perfusion	[ 76]
Chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy	C‐CURE, NCT00810238	II/III	randomized, single‐blinded,	preconditioned auto BM‐MSCs	6–11 × 108	not applicable	endoventricular	↑ ejection fraction	[ 77]
Ischemic heart failure	CHART‐1 NCTO 1768702	III	prospective, multicentre, randomized, controlled, double‐blinded	auto BM‐MSCs	>24 × 106	not applicable	endomyocardially with a retention‐ enhanced catheter	no adverse effects	[ 78]
Chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy, refractory angina	MyStromal Cell, NCT01449032	II	randomized, double‐ blinded, placebo‐ controlled	VEGF‐stimulated alio AT‐MSCs	undisclosed	not applicable	intramyocardial	unpublished	[ 79]

Abbreviations: AT‐MSCs, MSCs derived from adipose tissue; BMMNCs, bone marrow mononuclear cells; BM‐MSCs, MSCs derived from bone marrow; WJ‐MSCs, Wharton's jelly‐derived MSCs.