Fig. 5.

β-LAP increased the localization of p-AMPK and Nrf2 in striatal astrocytes. (A) Double IF staining results with GFAP (red) and p-AMPK (green) antibodies in the striatum of each brain. The white arrows indicate the cells that are positive for both GFAP and p-AMPK. (B) The quantification data of p-AMPK in reactive astrocytes (RA). (C) Triple label fluorescence microscopy revealed that Nrf2 (green) was predominantly expressed in the nuclei (blue) of astrocytes (GFAP, red) in the striatum of the MPTP-only group and the MPTP+ β-LAP combined group. The white arrows indicate the cells that are positive for nucleus, GFAP, and Nrf2 translocation. (D) The quantification data of nuclear Nrf2 in reactive astrocytes. ^*p<0.05 vs. the control group; ^#p<0.05 vs. the MPTP group.