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. 2018 Nov 30;96(Suppl 1):12–22. doi: 10.1007/s11524-018-00333-1

Table 1.

Summary of studies that explicitly examined the John Henryism by socioeconomic status hypothesis in relation to cardiovascular-related behaviors or outcomes (n = 10).

Study Study population Location SES measure Finding among women Finding among men
Duijkers et al. (1988) [13] 100 white women (20–59 years), 100 white men (20–59 years) Netherlands Education No association between John Henryism*SES and blood pressure (deviate) High John Henryism and low SES associated with higher blood pressure (expected)
Wiist and Flack (1992) [14] 431 African-American women, 222 African-American men (mean age = 47) Oklahoma city Education and job status No association between John Henryism*SES and hypertension prevalence (deviate) No association between John Henryism*SES and hypertension prevalence (deviate)
Light et al. (1995) [15] 36 African-American women, 35 white women, 32 African-American men, 40 white men North Carolina Job status High John Henryism and high SES associated with higher blood pressure (deviate) No association between John Henryism*SES and blood pressure (deviate)
McKetney and Ragland (1996) [16] 1480 African-American women (18–30 years), 1307 white women (18–30 years), 1156 African-American men (18–30 years), 1171 white men (18–30 years) Various US cities Education No association between John Henryism*SES and blood pressure among African-American or white women (deviate) No association between John Henryism*SES and blood pressure among African-American or white men (deviate)
Markovic et al. (1997) [17] 403 Nigerian men and 255 women, 20–65 years Nigeria Civil servant job grades and education No association between John Henryism*SES and blood pressure (deviate) High John Henryism and high SES associated with higher blood pressure (deviate)
Fernander et al. (2004) [18] 55 African-American women (mean age 36.6), 69 African-American men (mean age 34.8) Florida Education, income High John Henryism and low SES associated with higher blood pressure (expected) High John Henryism and high SES associated with higher blood pressure (deviate)
Fernander et al. (2005) [19] 72 African-American women and 74 African-American men (mean age = 47.6) Minnesota Education Low John Henryism and low education associated with higher nicotine dependence (deviate) Low John Henryism and low SES associated with higher nicotine dependence (deviate)
Merritt et al. (2012) [20] 168 white women, 13 African-American women, 7 Hispanic women, 2 Asian women, and 11 women with other ethnicity (mean age overall = 21.6) Midwestern US university Father’s education High John Henryism and low SES associated with worse cardiorespiratory fitness (expected)
Subramanyam et al. (2013) [21] 1516 African-American men and 2462 African-American women, 21–95 years Mississippi Education, income, occupation, childhood SES Low John Henryism and low SES associated with higher prevalence of hypertension (deviate) High John Henryism and low SES associated with higher prevalence of hypertension (expected)
Brody et al. (2018) [22] 391 African-American children (mean age at entry = 11.2) followed until mean age = 25 U.S. Income, caregiver employment, caregiver education, caregiver relationship status, +others High John Henryism and low SES was associated with metabolic syndrome (expected) High John Henryism and low SES was associated with metabolic syndrome (expected)