Table 4.

The mRNA expressions of TGF‐β1 and Smad‐2/3 in bone tissues (mean ± SD)

Groups	TGF‐β1	Smad‐2	Smad‐3
Group A	2.386 ± 0.202	2.136 ± 0.108	2.026 ± 0.179
Group B	1.002 ± 0.130**	0.932 ± 0.085**	0.978 ± 0.056**
Group C	1.872 ± 0.177▲▲	1.672 ± 0.086▲▲	1.790 ± 0.136▲▲
Group D	1.762 ± 0.098▲▲	1.616 ± 0.093▲▲	1.756 ± 0.108▲▲

Note: Compared with the normal group (Group A),

^** P < 0.01; compared with the model group (Group B),

^▲▲ P < 0.01.