p53-mediated change in susceptibility of MDMs to HIV-1 is inhibited by Vpx-dependent degradation of SAMHD1. (A) Flow cytometry analysis showing fold changes of HSA expression on the surface of MDMs compared to that of the control from 5 biological replicates transfected for 48 h with control or gene-specific siRNA before either being left unexposed or being exposed to VLP-Vpx for 2 h, washed, and infected with NL/Bal-HSA for 3 days. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple-comparison test was performed (ns, nonsignificant; *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01). (B) Flow cytometry analysis showing fold changes of HSA expression on the surface of MDMs compared to that of the control from 5 biological replicates left unexposed or exposed to VLP-Vpx for 2 h and then to Nutlin-3 or DMSO for 1 h before being infected with NL/Bal-HSA for 3 days. Ratio-paired Student’s t tests were determined (ns, nonsignificant; **, P ≤ 0.01). (A and B) Data represent fold changes compared to the level of the respective control.