IAV-regulated p53 expression is affected by NS1 CPSF4-binding mutant. (A) Comparative viral kinetics between recombinant IAV PR8/NS1 wt or PR8/NS1-CPSF4b viruses. A549 cells were infected with the two viruses at an MOI of 0.01, and supernatants were harvested at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hpi for the determination of viral titers. (B to E) A549 cells were mock infected or infected with either recombinant IAV PR8/NS1 wt or PR8/NS1-CPSF4b viruses. Cells lysates were harvested at 8 hpi (MOI of 4 [B and C]) or 24 hpi (MOI of 0.1 [D and E]). Detection of total p53 and p53β isoforms was performed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting (SAPU antibody). Viral proteins NP and NS1 were also detected. # and ## indicate short and long exposures, respectively. Mean values ± standard deviations of results of experimental duplicates are shown, and statistical tests compared each condition with its control condition using two-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s posttest (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001).