TABLE 2.

Bivariable and Multivariable Cox Regression Analyses of Factors Associated with Undergoing Disease Staging among PWID (n= 1571)

Characteristic	Unadjusted		Adjusted
	HR (95% CI)	p-value	HR (95% CI)	p-value
Age (per 10 years older)	1.14 (1.06 – 1.22)	<0.001	1.00	0.11
Gender	1.02 (0.89 – 1.17)	0.82
White	1.13 (0.99 – 1.30)	0.07	1.07 (0.93 – 1.24)	0.35
HIV positive	1.96 (1.70 – 2.27)	<0.001	1.75 (1.50 – 2.05)	<0.001
Homelessa	0.75 (0.65 – 0.88)	<0.001	0.88 (0.75 – 1.03)	0.10
Heavy alcohol usea	1.12 (0.91 – 1.37)	0.29
Daily IV heroin usea	0.58 (0.49 – 0.69)	<0.001	0.72 (0.60 – 0.86)	<0.001
Daily IV cocaine usea	1.09 (0.86 – 1.38)	0.46
Daily IV methamphetamine usea	0.84 (0.58 – 1.20)	0.34
Daily crack usea	0.84 (0.73 – 0.97)	0.02	0.89 (0.77 – 1.04)	0.15
Benzodiazepine usea	0.99 (0.57 – 1.73)	0.99
Syringe lendinga	0.93 (0.57 – 1.54)	0.79
Methadone Maintenance Therapya	1.50 (1.31 – 1.72)	<0.001	1.42 (1.23 – 1.64)	<0.001
Hospitalizationa	1.59 (1.33 – 1.90)	<0.001	1.50 (1.25 – 1.81)	<0.001
Employeda	0.97 (0.82 – 1.15)	0.74
Unprotected sexa,b	0.88 (0.76 – 1.02)	0.10	1.04 (0.88 – 1.21)	0.15
Sex trade worka	0.93 (0.76 – 1.14)	0.48
Incarcerationa	0.92 (0.76 – 1.11)	0.38
Mental Illness	1.24 (1.08 – 1.42)	0.002	1.11 (0.95 – 1.27)	0.15

HR: Hazard Ratio, CI: Confidence Interval

^aIndicates behaviour in the previous six-months

^bUnprotected sex was defined as vaginal or anal sex without a condom at least once