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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 6.
Published in final edited form as: Oncogene. 2018 Nov 6;38(12):2056–2075. doi: 10.1038/s41388-018-0543-2

Figure 5. Genetic downregulation of ACVR1C inhibits invasion, growth and proliferation in Y79 cells.

Figure 5.

ACVR1C (a) and Snail (c) mRNA levels were determined by qPCR in Y79-GFP cells transduced with ACVR1C shRNAs or scrambled shRNA, and in parental cells. Invasion was reduced by about 70% in Y79-GFP cells expressing ACVR1C shRNAs compared to scrambled shRNA, as determined by transwell invasion assay (b). P values were calculated using two-sided Student t-test vs scrambled shRNA. Data are presented as mean + SD. Phosphorylation of SMAD2 and protein levels of Snail and ZEB1 were dramatically reduced in cells expressing ACVR1C shRNAs as compared to scrambled shRNA, while the apoptotic marker cleaved PARP was increased, as found by Western blot (d). Growth was reduced by more than 90% in Y79 cells expressing two different ACVR1C shRNAs, compared to scrambled shRNA, as found by CCK-8 growth assay (e). The percentage of Ki67-positive cells was reduced from 40 to 50% in cells transduced with two different ACVR1C shRNAs, compared to scrambled shRNA, as found by Ki67 proliferation assay (f).