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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 23.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Chem Soc. 2018 Nov 14;140(47):16140–16151. doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b08711

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

V–r8 kills biofilm bacteria, persister cell, and exponential-phase bacteria more effectively than vancomycin (V). (A) 3D-reconstructed confocal images of untreated, V–r8-treated and V-treated MRSA USA400 MW2 biofilms in TSB for 5 h. Insets show bacterial cells from the bottom plane of each image. Biofilm bacteria were stained with SYTO 9 (green: live) and PI (red: dead). Quantification of fluorescence showed that significantly more bacteria were killed by V–r8 than by V as compared to the untreated biofilm. Scale bars represent 20 μm in the main panels and 5 μm in the insets. (B) MRSA USA 300 LAC persister cell time-kill curves for compounds with final concentrations of 10 μM introduced 6 h postciprofloxacin treatment (40 μM). (C) Time-kill kinetic analysis of V or V–r8-treated exponential-phase MRSA USA400 MW2 at treatment concentrations of 5, 10, or 20 μM. Data presented in (A)–(C) are from representative experiments.