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. 2019 Mar 22;10:1341. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09280-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Pattern co-activation. a Example of recorded hippocampal activity from a control animal during a RUN session. From top to bottom: Raster of single unit-activity of 51 cells, local field potential, ripple power (in a.u.), and position on linear track. b Covariance matrix obtained from z-scored population rate vectors within theta cycles throughout the RUN session from A. c Two examples of significant eigenvectors (wide columns) from the covariance matrix and five matching example pattern vectors from the PRE, RUN, and POST rest sessions. Red frames indicate examples from a lesioned animal. Colors as in b. d Example of three co-activation traces (scalar product between patterns and eigenvectors) as a function of time during PRE and POST rest epochs (scale bars: horizontal 100 s, vertical 50 standard deviations, traces are offset parallel to y-axis for visual distinction). e Session-wise mean RUN (left) and POST (right) co-activation traces vs. mean PRE co-activation traces for all significant eigenvectors from control animals (black, Ctr.) and MEC-lesioned animals (red, Les.). The blue contours (1, 5, 50, and 90%) delineate isoclines of the null distribution obtained from 50,000 random permutations of cell indices. f Session-wise regression slopes of PRE vs. RUN and PRE vs. POST. Whiskers represent 1.5 interquartile range. Comparison between animal groups; PRE–POST ranksum test: p = 0.00057, r.s. = 225, n = 29 slopes; PRE–RUN ranksum test: p = 0.0011, r.s. = 221, n = 29 slopes. g Cumulative histogram of relative change [top: (POST–PRE)/(POST + PRE); bottom: (RUN-PRE)/(RUN + PRE)]. Signed-rank tests show PRE–POST control: p = 2.4E-8, s.r. = 60, n = 50 patterns; MEC-lesion p = 1.6E−4, s.r. = 642, n = 72 patterns; PRE–RUN control: p = 1.98E−8, s.r. = 56.0, n = 50 patterns; MEC-lesion p = 1.59E−7, s.r. = 380, n = 72 patterns. Comparison between PRE–RUN and PRE–POST: Control: p = 2.4E−06, s.r. = 149, n = 50 patterns, MEC-lesion: p = 1.0E−4, s.r. = 623, n = 72 patterns; signed-rank test. Comparison between animal groups; PRE–POST ranksum test: p = 3.2E−4, r.s. = 3766; PRE–RUN ranksum test: p = 4.98E−6, r.s. = 3952