Table 1.

Specificity and sensitivity of respiratory clinical signs for the presence of fungal elements in TW of horses

	Cough at rest (137)	Cough during exercise (198)	Breathlessness (181)	Exercise intolerance (157)	Nasal discharge (76)	Abnormal noise during exercise (66)	Epistaxis (56)
Sensitivity for fungal particles in TW (%)	19 (16‐22)	26 (23‐30)	26 (23–30)	23 (20‐27)	11 (8‐14)	9 (7‐12)	8 (6–10)
Specificity for fungal particles in TW (%)	82 (74‐87)	69 (61–76)	80 (73‐86)	84 (78‐90)	92 (86‐95)	91 (85‐95)	93 (86‐96)

Abbreviation: TW, tracheal wash.