TABLE 1.

Current recognized species within the genus Echinococcus and their preferential hosts and geographic distribution

Species	Definitive host(s)	Intermediate host(s)	Human cases	Distribution
Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto	Domestic dog, wolf, dingo, jackal, other canids	Sheep, goat, cattle, pig, camel, buffalo, horse, wild ungulates, marsupials, etc.	Yes	Cosmopolitan
Echinococcus canadensis	Domestic dog, wolf	Pig, camel, cervids	Yes	Eurasia, Africa, North and South America
Echinococcus ortleppi	Domestic dog	Cattle	Yes	Eurasia, Africa
Echinococcus felidis	Lion	Hyena, warthog, zebra, wildebeest, bush pig, buffalo, various antelopes, giraffe, hippopotamus	Not reported	Africa
Echinococcus equinus	Domestic dog	Horse, other equids, cervids	Not reported	Eurasia, Africa
Echinococcus multilocularis	All fox species, wolf, raccoon dog, domestic dog, cat	Arvicoline and microtine rodents and small herbivorous mammals, including lagomorphs (e.g., pika); pigs, boars, horses, cattle, nutrias, nonhuman primates, and dogs are accidental hosts	Yes	Eurasia, North America
Echinococcus oligarthra	Wild felids (e.g., Puma concolor [puma])	Dasyprocta azarae (agouti), Didelphis marsupialis (opossum)	Yes	Central and South America
Echinococcus vogeli	Bush dog, domestic dog	Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766 (paca)	Yes	Central and South America
Echinococcus shiquicus	Tibetan fox	Ochotona curzoniae (Tibetan plateau pika)	Not reported	Tibetan Plateau