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. 2019 Jan 7;116(12):5254–5261. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1802883116

Table 1.

Area, increase in lake levels, net benefits, and benefit–cost ratio for the physical and social extent of the market with an 11.7% (31.1%) ESE with a 7-y lag in development for in situ water management

Market extent assumption Area (1,000 ha) Increase in cumulative dry-season lake levels, cm Total net benefit ($1,000) Benefit–cost ratio
Convertible land
Full market extent 116.52 6.04 (16.00) −41,737 (−35,588) 0.1 (0.2)
Voluntary participation assuming uniform marginal benefits across subwatersheds 14.96 (12.41) 0.92 (3.48) 594 (1,554) 3.9 (3.1)
Voluntary participation assuming uniform marginal benefits but differentiated marginal costs by subwatershed 11.56 (15.82) 0.58 (2.14) 289 (971) 2.9 (3.0)
Enrollable convertible land
Full market extent 16.06 0.87 (2.31) −5,730 (−4,816) 0.1 (0.2)
Voluntary participation assuming uniform marginal benefits across subwatersheds and undifferentiated marginal costs 1.97 (2.94) 0.12 (0.48) 72 (212) 4.0 (3.2)
Voluntary participation assuming uniform marginal benefits but differentiated marginal costs by subwatershed 1.96 (2.85) 0.11 (0.44) 62 (206) 3.9 (3.3)
Marginal benefits equal marginal cost by subwatershed 1.84 (2.98) 0.11 (0.48) 63 (213) 4.9 (2.8)
Convertible land in Chagres National Park
All convertible land in Chagres National Park 9.67 0.93 (2.47)