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. 2018 Nov 26;116(12):5246–5253. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1805647115

Table 5.

Summary statistics by income quartiles, poorest (1) to wealthiest (4)

Income quartile
Variable 1 2 3 4
Daily rescue events 0.56 0.51 0.45 0.43
Adherence 0.40 0.36 0.40 0.44
Prescribed controller puffs 3.80 2.96 3.13 3.15
Taken controller puffs 1.47 1.05 1.35 1.37
Median distance to monitor, km 11.93 26.67 26.73 20.05
Mean PM2.5 8.73 8.72 8.80 8.65
Log(PM2.5) regression coefficients −0.0836 0.0948** 0.193*** −0.0172
(0.0606) (0.0403) (0.0598) (0.0467)

Prescribed and taken controller puffs are conditional on having been prescribed a controller medication. Their units are in average daily puffs. Each regression coefficient comes from a separate regression on a subset of the data, divided into four quartiles based on household income. Individual, climate region, climate region-by-year, and climate region-by-month fixed effects are included in each regression. Controls, measured as 4-d moving averages, include copollutants, 10° temperature and humidity bins, air pressure, wind speed, and days enrolled in program. Robust SEs, clustered by ID, are shown in parentheses. ***P < 0.01, **P < 0.05.