Table 1.
Participant characteristics by clinician judgment of presence of apathy across dementia severity groups.
| All Sample | CDR:=0.5 | CDR=1 | CDR=2 | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | No apathy |
With apathy |
p- value |
No apathy |
With apathy |
No apathy |
With apathy |
No apathy |
With apathy |
||||||||
| n (%) | 4,482 | (58.4) | 3,197 | (41.6) | 1,781 | (72.2%) | 687 | (27.8%) | 2,147 | (55.5) | 1,718 | (44.5) | 554 | (41.2) | 792 | (58.8) | |
| Age, mean(sd) | 75.3 | (9.6) | 74.5 | (9.8) | <0.001 | 74.0 | (9.3) | 73.1 | (9.1) | 75.5 | (9.7) | 74.6 | (9.9) | 78.4 | (9.7) | 75.5 | (10.1) |
| Male, n (%) | 1,851 | (41.3) | 1,549 | (48.5) | <0.001 | 794 | (44.6) | 371 | (54.0) | 884 | (41.2) | 839 | (48.8) | 173 | (31.2) | 339 | (42.8) |
| Race, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||||||||||||||
| White | 3,574 | (79.7) | 2,548 | (79.7) | 1,473 | (82.7) | 575 | (83.7) | 1,714 | (79.8) | 1,374 | (80.0) | 387 | (69.9) | 599 | (75.6) | |
| Black | 591 | (13.2) | 345 | (10.8) | 198 | (11.1) | 60 | (8.7) | 285 | (13.3) | 178 | (10.4) | 108 | (19.5) | 107 | (13.5) | |
| Hispanic, n (%) | 352 | (7.9) | 327 | (10.2) | <0.001 | 88 | (4.9) | 43 | (6.3) | 191 | (8.9) | 162 | (9.4) | 73 | (13.2) | 122 | (15.4) |
|
Education, mean(sd) |
14.1 | (3.7) | 14.1 | (3.9) | 0.393 | 14.5 | (3.4) | 14.7 | (3.5) | 14.0 | (3.8) | 14.2 | (3.7) | 12.8 | (4.2) | 13.3 | (4.3) |
|
Any APOE e4 n (%) |
1,940 | (43.3) | 1,374 | (43.0) | 0.789 | 830 | (46.6) | 312 | (45.4) | 899 | (41.9) | 732 | (42.6) | 211 | (38.1) | 330 | (41.7) |
|
Comorbidities, n (%) |
|||||||||||||||||
| Hypertension | 2,253 | (50.4) | 1,563 | (49.1) | 0.254 | 851 | (47.9) | 324 | (47.4) | 1,116 | (52.1) | 828 | (48.4) | 286 | (51.7) | 411 | (52.0) |
|
Hypercholestero lemia |
2,105 | (47.5) | 1,561 | (49.3) | 8 | 898 | (50.9) | 350 | (51.3) | 982 | (46.3) | 851 | (50.1) | 225 | (41.2) | 360 | (46.0) |
| Urinary incontinence |
694 | (15.5) | 567 | (17.8) | 0.008 | 209 | (11.8) | 319 | (11.1) | 319 | (14.9) | 260 | (15.2) | 166 | (30.1) | 231 | (29.2) |
| Thyroid disease |
641 | (14.4) | 439 | (13.8) | 0.513 | 230 | (13.0) | 101 | (14.9) | 313 | (14.7) | 212 | (12.4) | 98 | (17.8) | 126 | (16.0) |
| Diabetes | 512 | (11.4) | 436 | (13.7) | 0.003 | 198 | (11.1) | 80 | (11.7) | 244 | (11.4) | 227 | (13.3) | 70 | (12.7) | 129 | (16.3) |
|
Clinician judgment |
<0.001 | ||||||||||||||||
|
of depression, n(%) |
1,241 | (27.7) | 1,552 | (48.5) | 452 | (25.4) | 339 | (49.3) | 633 | (29.5) | 828 | (48.2) | 156 | (28.2) | 385 | (48.6) | |
| FAQ, mean(sd) | 13.4 | (8.1) | 17.2 | (7.9) | <0.001 | 7.8 | (5.5) | 9.5 | (5.7) | 15.4 | (6.7) | 16.9 | (6.4) | 24.0 | (5.6) | 24.5 | (5.3) |
|
Standardized FAQ, mean(sd) |
1.4 | (0.8) | 1.8 | (0.8) | <0.001 | 0.8 | (0.6) | 1.0 | (0.6) | 1.6 | (0.7) | 2.5 | (0.6) | 2.5 | (0.5) | 2.6 | (0.5) |
| NPI-Q, mean(sd) | 3.8 | (4.2) | 6.3 | (4.9) | <01 | 3.0 | (3.3) | 4.9 | (4.1) | 4.1 | (4.3) | 6.2 | (4.7) | 5.9 | (5.4) | 7.6 | (5.4) |
| GDS, mean(sd) | 2.3 | (2.4) | 2.9 | (2.8) | <0.001 | 2.4 | (2.5) | 2.9 | (2.8) | 2.3 | (2.4) | 2.9 | (2.8) | 2.3 | (2.6) | 2.8 | (2.9) |
| MMSE,mean(sd) | 21.0 | (5.4) | 19.8 | (5.7) | <0.001 | 24.0 | (3.5) | 24.2 | (3.4) | 20.5 | (4.7) | 20.6 | (4.5) | 13.7 | (5.5) | 14.4 | (5.5) |
Notes: Between group differences were compared using χ2 test for categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis test χ2 (df=2) for continuous variables.
Abbreviations: standard FAQ, functional activities questionnaire (range=0–3); MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination (range=0–30); NPI-Q, Neuropsychiatric Inventory questionnaire (range=0–36); GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale (range=0–15).