Table 1.
Summary of studies
| Study | N total | Level of evidence | Outcome measure | Outcome score average | Follow-up (mean) | Mason type | Complications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ring et al. [38] | 56 | Prognostic II | SBM | 92 | 48 | II-38 III-26 |
Nonunion |
| Iacobellis et al. [17] | 32 | Prognostic II | DASH MEPS |
Type II-6.8 Type III-9.5 Type II-98.4 Type III-99.3 |
47 | II-25 III-7 |
Heterotopic ossification (type II-1, III-3) |
| Nalbantoglu et al. [33] | 25 | Prognostic II | SBM | Type III-88 Type III w/dislocation-87 |
27 | III-25 | Heterotopic ossification (type III w/dislocation-3) |
| Ikeda et al. [20] | 10 | Prognostic II | SBM | 90.7 | 28.5 | III-3 IV-7 |
None |
| Lindenhovius et al. [27] | 13 | Therapeutic III | ASES MEPS SBM |
91 92 91 |
17 years | II-5 III-8 |
Early hardware loosening |
| Ruan et al. [41] | 8 | Therapeutic III | SBM | 12.5% satisfactory | 14 | III-8 | Heterotopic ossification, nonunion and bone absorption |
| Ikeda et al. [19] | 13 | Therapeutic III | SBM ASES |
90.7 94.6 |
36 | III-3 IV-10 |
None |
| Zarattini et al. [52] | 35 | Therapeutic III | SBM DASH |
95.09 2.81 |
125 | II-35 | Intraarticular screw placement-1 |
| Chen et al. [7] | 23 | Therapeutic I | SBM | 72.4, 65.2% satisfactory | 2.8 years | III-23 | Heterotopic ossification-2 Deep wound infection-1 ROM deficit > 30 deg-2 |
| Businger et al. [6] | 6 | Therapeutic III | SBM MEPI DASH PCS-12 MCS-12 |
97 99.2 1.94 52.2 59.5 |
112 | III-2 IV-4 |
Persistent pain requiring resection- 1 |
| Lindenhovius et al. [28] | 16 | Therapeutic III | SBM MEPI ASES DASH |
91 89 93 12 |
22 years | II-16 | Deep infection-1 Superficial infection-1 Transient PIN palsy-1 Restricted forearm ROM-2 Persistent pain-1 |
| Moro et al. [30] | 24 | Prognostic II | SF-36 DASH MEPI |
47 17 80 |
39 | III- 10 IV- 15 |
None |
| Grewal et al. [11] | 26 | Therapeutic IV | SF-36 Physical Mental DASH MEPI ASES Pain Function Satisfaction PREE |
41.8 51.5 24.4 80.5 13.4 27.5 9.0 22.9 |
24.5 | Heterotopic ossification Stage I-4 Stage II-1 Stage IV-1 |
|
| Ruan et al. [41] | 14 | Therapeutic III | SBM | 92.9% satisfactory | 15.9 | III-14 | Heterotopic ossification-3 |
| Chen et al. [7] | 22 | Therapeutic I | SBM | 92.1, 91% satisfactory | 2.8 years | III-22 | ROM deficit > 30 deg-2 Stiffness caused by prosthesis-1 |
| Iftimie et al. [18] | 27 | Therapeutic IV | MEPS DASH VAS |
96.4 4.89 0.48 |
16.9 years | II-5 III-16 IV-6 |
None |
| Ricon et al. [35] | 28 | Therapeutic IV | MEPS | 92 | 32 | III-28 | Ulnar nerve neuropathy-1 Radiocapitellar incongruence-1 Device removal-3 |
| Burkhart et al. [5] | 17 | Therapeutic IV | MEPS DASH |
90.83 9.8 |
106 | Prosthetic dislocation-2 Capitellar erosion- 3 |
|
| Popovic et al. [34] | 11 | Therapeutic III | SBM | 82 | 32 | III-11 | Heterotopic ossification Class IIA-1 |
| Harrington et al. [14] | 20 | Therapeutic IV | SBM | 88 | 12.1 years | II-1 IV-13 |
Persistent pain- 4 Heterotopic ossification Stage I-3 Stage II-2 Stage III-3 |
| Dotzis et al. [9] | 14 | Therapeutic IV | MEPS DASH |
63 | III-6 IV 8 |
Severe complex regional pain syndrome |
ASES American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score, DASH Disability of Arm Shoulder Hand, MCS-12 Mental Component Summary, MEPS Mayo Elbow Performance Score, MEPI Mayo Elbow Performance Index, PCS-12 Physical Component Summary, PREE Patient Rated Elbow Evaluation, SMB Broberg and Morrey functional rating score, SF-36 Short Form-36, VAS Visual Analog Scale
Mason type is based on original Mason classification [11]