Figure 1.

Flow analysis of circulating Tfh cells in GD patients. Human PBMCs from GD patients (BT: 36; AT: 21) and 20 HC were stained with anti-CD4, anti-CXCR5, anti-ICOS, anti-CD45RA, and anti-PD-1. (a) The cells were gated initially on lymphocytes and then circulating Tfh cells were analyzed by flow cytometry; (b) the numbers of circulating CD4⁺CXCR5⁺CD45RA⁻Tfh (cTfh) cells; (c) the numbers of CD4⁺CXCR5⁺CD45RA⁻ICOS⁺T cells; (d) CD4⁺CXCR5⁺CD45RA⁻PD-1⁺Tfh cells; (e) the correlation between PD-1⁺Tfh cell proportions and TPO-Ab levels in GD patients. ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, and ^∗∗∗p < 0.001; ns: no significant difference.