. 2019 Mar 7;2019:7507549. doi: 10.1155/2019/7507549

Table 6.

Antibiotic resistance modulatory activity of 3-O-[β-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-_D-galactopyranosyl]-oleanolic acid (8) against MDR Gram-negative bacteria.

Antibiotics	Extract concentration	Bacteria, MIC (μg/mL) and modulating factors of compound 8 (in bracket)
Antibiotics	Extract concentration	ATCC8739	AG102	ATCC13048	CM64	KP55	KP63	PA124	NEA16	PBS (%)
ERY	0	128	256	256	256	256	256	256	256
	MIC/2	256 (0.5)^a	128 (2) ^S	256 (1)^I	128 (2) ^S	128 (2) ^S	64 (4) ^S	64 (4) ^s	128 (2) ^S	75
	MIC/4	128 (1)^I	128 (2) ^S	128 (2) ^S	256 (1)^I	256 (1)^I	64 (4) ^S	128 (2) ^S	256 (1)^I	50

CLX	0	256	1024	> 1024	> 1024	1024	512	> 1024	> 1024
	MIC/2	1024 (0.25)^a	> 1024 (> 1)^a	> 1024 (≥ 1)^I	> 1024 (≥ 1)^I	1024 (1)^I	1024 (0.5)^a	> 1024 (≥ 1)^I	> 1024 (≥ 1)^I	0
	MIC/4	> 1024(>0.25)^a	> 1024 (> 1)^a	> 1024 (≥ 1)^I	> 1024 ≥ 1)^I	1024 (1)^I	> 1024 (> 0.5)^a	> 1024 (≥ 1)^I	> 1024 (≥ 1)^I	0

KAN	0	16	16	< 2	16	4	64	8	64
	MIC/2	4 (4) ^S	64 (0.25)^a	128 (0.015)^a	128 (0.125)^a	< 2 (2) ^S	256 (0.25)^a	8 (1)^I	128 (0.5)^a	25
	MIC/4	128 (0.125)^a	32 (0.25)^a	128 (0.015)^a	128 (0.125)^a	< 2 (2) ^S	256 (0.25)^a	8 (1)^I	128 (0.5)^a	12.5

GEN	0	32	16	16	16	256	32	128	256
	MIC/2	256 (0.125)^a	64 (0.25)^a	128 (0.125)^a	8 (2) ^S	64 (4) ^S	256 (0.125)^a	64 (2) ^s	256 (1)^I	37.5
	MIC/4	256 (0.125)^a	> 256 (> 0.062)^a	128 (0.125)^a	128 (0.125)^a	128(2) ^S	> 256 (>0.125)^a	128 (1)^I	128 (2) ^S	25

DOX	0	< 1	4	16	16	4	8	64	32
	MIC/2	< 1 (≤ 1)^I	2 (2) ^S	16 (1)^I	32 (0.5)a	< 1 (> 4) ^S	2 (4) ^S	32 (2) ^s	16 (2) ^S	62.5
	MIC/4	< 1 (≤ 1) ^I	4 (1)^I	32 (0.5)a	32 (0.5)a	< 1 (> 4) ^S	2 (4) ^S	32 (2) ^s	32 (1)^I	37.5

CHL	0	2	32	16	256	64	32	256	64
	MIC/2	2 (1)^I	16 (2) ^S	16 (1)^I	256 (1)^I	32 (2) ^S	32 (1)^I	256 (1)^I	64 (1)^I	25
	MIC/4	1 (2) ^S	32(1)^I	16 (1)^I	256 (1)^I	32 (2) ^S	16 (2) ^S	256 (1)^I	64 (1)^I	37.5

NOR	0	4	8	32	32	8	8	64	32
	MIC/2	2 (2) ^S	8 (1)^I	> 128 (> 0.25)^a	64 (0.5)^a	4 (2) ^S	8 (1)^I	32 (2) ^S	128 (0.125)^a	37.5
	MIC/4	< 1 (> 4) ^S	2 (4) ^S	128 (0.25)^a	64 (0.5)^a	4 (2) ^S	4 (2) ^S	32 (2) ^S	128 (0.125)^a	62.5

CIP	0	< 0.5	1	8	8	< 0.5	1	64	8
	MIC/2	< 0.5 (≤ 1)^I	< 0.5 (> 2) ^S	64 (0.125)^a	64 (0.125)^a	< 0.5 (≤ 1)^I	4 (0.25)^a	64 (1)^I	64 (0.125)^a	12.5
	MIC/4	2 (0.25)^a	< 0.5 (> 2) ^S	64 (0.125)^a	64 (0.125)^a	1 (2)^a	2 (0.5)^a	64 (1)^I	64 (0.125)^a	12.5

ERY: erythromycin; CLX: cloxacillin; KAN: kanamycin; GEN: gentamycin; DOX: doxyciclin; CHL: chloramphenicol; NOR: norfloxacin; CIP: ciprofloxacin; bacterial strains: Escherichia coli (AG102, ATCC8739); Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC13048, CM64); Klebsiella pneumonia (KP55, KP63); P. aeruginosa PA124; Providencia stuartii NEA16; PBS: percentage of bacteria strain on which synergism has been observed. (): ameliorating factor of the antibiotics after association with compound 8; S: synergy; I: indifference; a: antagonist; values in bold: case of synergy [19, 20].