Table 1.
Sample Characteristics (N = 81)
| M ± SD | |
|---|---|
| Age | 15.00 ± 1.08 |
| Estimated IQa | 103.47 ± 12.21 |
| N (%) | |
| Sex | |
| Male | 56 (69.1%) |
| Female | 25 (30.9%) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |
| White | 63 (77.8%) |
| Black | 8 (9.9%) |
| Asian | 1 (1.2%) |
| Hispanic | 1 (1.2%) |
| Multiracial | 8 (9.9%) |
| Stimulant medication use | 29 (35.8%) |
| Family Incomeb | |
| Up to $20,000 | 3 (3.8%) |
| $20,001 - $40,000 | 9 (11.3%) |
| $40,001 - $60,000 | 12 (15.0%) |
| $60,001 - $80,000 | 9 (11.3%) |
| Over $80,000 | 47 (58.8%) |
| Psychiatric Diagnosesc | Parent Interview / Adolescent Interview / “Or” Rule |
| ADHD | 81 (100%) / 50 (61.7%) / 81 (100%) |
| Combined Type | 19 (23.5%) / 12 (14.8%) / n/a |
| Inattentive Type | 62 (76.5%) / 38 (46.9%) / n/a |
| Depression/Dysthymia | 2 (2.5%) / 1 (1.2%) / 2 (2.5%) |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 3 (3.7%) / 5 (6.2) / 7 (8.6%) |
| PTSD | 1 (1.2%) / 1 (1.2%) / 2 (2.5%) |
| ODD | 8 (9.9%) / 2 (2.5%) / 8 (9.9%) |
| CD | 1 (1.2%) / 1 (1.2%) / 1 (1.2%) |
| Any Comorbid Diagnosis | 12 (14.8%) / 8 (9.9%) / 15 (18.5%) |
Note. ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. CD = conduct disorder. ODD = oppositional defiant disorder. PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder.
a
Estimated intelligence quotient (IQ) determined using the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Scale, Second Edition (KBIT-2).
b
One parent declined to answer the family income question.
c
Diagnoses established using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS), with ADHD diagnosis based on interview with the adolescent’s parent used for study inclusion.