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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Kidney Int. 2018 Nov 23;95(4):973–982. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.08.034

Table 4.

Adverse Events of Interest and Serious Adverse Events

Placebo (N=51) SPL 12.5 mg (N=27) SPL 25 mg (N=26) SPL 50 mg (N=25) p-Values for
Event Rates
Pts w/event
No. (%)
Events
per
pt-year
Pts w/event
No. (%)
Events
per
pt-year
Pts w/event
No. (%)
Events
per
pt-year
Pts w/event
No. (%)
Events
per
pt-year
Trend Combined
SPL vs
Placebo
Breast enlargement or tenderness 2 (3.9) 0.05 0 (0.0) 0.00 1 (3.8) 0.06 2 (8.0) 0.11 0.7 0.9
Rash 2 (3.9) 0.05 1 (3.7) 0.05 1 (3.8) 0.06 2 (8.0) 0.11 0.3 <0.001
Nausea 6 (11.8) 0.16 8 (29.6) 0.48 4 (15.4) 0.23 1 (4.0) 0.05 0.2 0.01
Vomiting 5 (9.8) 0.13 7 (25.9) 0.42 2 (7.7) 0.40 1 (4.0) 0.11 0.8 0.1
Diarrhea 5 (9.8) 0.24 4 (14.8) 0.21 5 (19.2) 0.40 3 (12.0) 0.21 0.7 0.8
Anorexia 0 (0.0) 0.00 0 (0.0) 0.00 1 (3.8) 0.06 0 (0.0) 0.00 0.2 0.9
Constipation 2 (3.9) 0.05 1 (3.7) 0.05 1 (3.8) 0.28 0 (0.0) 0.00 0.03 <0.001
Any gastrointestinal symptoms 11 (21.6) 0.45 11 (40.7) 0.79 8 (30.8) 1.14 4 (16.0) 0.32 0.6 0.1
Serious adverse eventa 27 (52.9) 1.79 13 (48.1) 1.43 13 (50.0) 2.68 12 (48.0) 2.26 0.2 0.5
a

Serious adverse events include any adverse event that: is fatal or result in death, is life-threatening, requires or prolongs hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability or incapacity, results in congenital anomalies or birth defects or is considered an important medical event Abbreviation: SPL, spironolactone; pt, patient