Table 2.

Summary of pore characteristics of biopolymer scaffolds prepared from different fabrication methods for culturing different types of cells [32,35,36,37,38].

Cell/tissue type	Biopolymer	Method of fabrication	Pore characteristics	Reference
Small-diameter blood vessels	Poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)	Thermally induced phase-separation	Porosity decreased from 95% to 90% with increasing the polymer concentration from 2.5% to 10%. Pore size decreased from 115–140 µm to 20–40 µm with decreasing the phase-separation temperature from −20 to −196 °C	[32]
Hepatocytes	Chitosan	Lyophilization	Porosity of 90% and mean pore size between 50–200 µm	[35]
Bone tissue	Hydroxyapatite and gelatin	Solvent-casting method combined with freeze drying	Open, interconnected porous structure with a pore size of 80–400 µm and porosity 70%	[36]
Human dermal fibroblasts	Chitosan	Freeze drying	Pore size between 40–140 µm, and average porosity about 93% ± 12.57%	[37]
Osteoblast	Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/Hyaluronic acid/collagen	Supercritical CO2	Porosity of 88.9% and pore size of 205.7 µm	[38]