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Schematic illustration of the reaction steps for the fabrication of a field-effect transistor (FET) sensor platform based on carboxylated PPy nanotubes (CPNTs): (a) microelectrode substrate; (b) aminosilane-treated substrate; (c) immobilization of the nanotubes onto a substrate; and (d) binding of GOx to the nanotubes. Reprinted with permission from [154]. Copyright 2008, American Chemical Society.
