Figure 11.

(a) Cylindric material under oscillating shear deformation; (b) The relation between oscillating shear strain γ at the outer surface of the cylinder (black curve) and the normal strain ${\lambda }_h-1$ for a flexible network (red curve) with $c=0.1,x=0.1$, and a stiff network (blue curve) with $c=0.3,x=0.6$; (c) Phase diagram of the network of different stiffness and filament pre-tension, showing the regions of positive/negative Poynting effect (normal stress) and also the boundary of network stability discussed earlier.