TABLE 3.
Means, SDs, and Mean Differences in ITSEA Outcomes Between Treatment and Control Groups at 12 Months Postpartum, Adjusted for Covariates
| ITSEA Outcomes (Range for All 0–2) | 12 Months Postpartum | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Mean (SD) (n = 30) | Treatment Mean (SD) (n = 35) | βa (95% CI) | |
| Externalizing domain | 0.57 (0.27) | 0.39 (0.29) | −.17 (−0.30 to −0.04)* |
| Activity/impulsivity | 0.98 (0.44) | 0.69 (0.44) | −.27 (−0.47 to −0.07)* |
| Aggression/defiance | 0.35 (0.26) | 0.27 (0.29) | −.06 (−0.19 to 0.08) |
| Peer aggression | 0.30 (0.29) | 0.13 (0.20) | −.23 (−0.40 to −0.07)* |
| Internalizing domain | 0.55 (0.23) | 0.48 (0.16) | −.06 (−0.16 to 0.04) |
| Depression/withdraw | 0.15 (0.21) | 0.12 (0.23) | .01 (−0.11 to 0.11) |
| General anxiety | 0.21 (0.23) | 0.20 (0.22) | .01 (−0.11 to 0.13) |
| Separation distress | 1.02 (0.39) | 0.84 (0.30) | −.17 (−0.33 to −0.02)* |
| Inhibition to novelty | 0.82 (0.38) | 0.73 (0.36) | −.09 (−0.28 to 0.11) |
| Dysregulation domain | 0.49 (0.26) | 0.43 (0.27) | −.05 (−0.18 to 0.08) |
| Sleep | 0.53 (0.39) | 0.44 (0.33) | −.06 (−0.24 to 0.13) |
| Negative emotionality | 0.48 (0.25) | 0.47 (0.32) | .02 (−0.13 to 0.17) |
| Eating | 0.44 (0.25) | 0.43 (0.30) | −.02 (−0.16 to 0.12) |
| Sensory sensitivity | 0.52 (0.42) | 0.37 (0.31) | −.14 (−0.30 to 0.02) |
| Competence domain | 0.95 (0.33) | 0.94 (0.36) | −.01 (−0.19 to 0.18) |
| Compliance | 0.84 (0.40) | 0.91 (0.38) | .10 (−0.11 to 0.31) |
| Attention | 1.07 (0.48) | 1.11 (0.51) | .05 (−0.21 to 0.32) |
| Imitation/play | 1.10 (0.42) | 1.08 (0.41) | −.03 (−0.26 to 0.20) |
| Mastery motivation | 1.34 (0.42) | 1.30 (0.51) | −.05 (−0.30 to 0.20) |
| Empathy | 0.59 (0.41) | 0.66 (0.52) | .09 (−0.15 to 0.33) |
| Prosocial peer relations | 0.79 (0.41) | 0.51 (0.40) | −.24 (−0.51 to 0.02) |
Note: CI = confidence interval; ITSEA = Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment.
a
The unstandardized β regression coefficient represents the mean difference in the outcome value between those who received the intervention versus those who were in the control group.
*
p < .05.