Table 2.

Adjusted outcome variables by interpreter needed.

Study Group	Crude Estimate (95% CI)	P-Value	Adjusted Estimate (95% CI)1,3	P-Value
Change in Acuity
Interpreter Request	1.04 (0.83, 1.30)	0.740	1.07 (0.85, 1.35)	0.545
No Interpreter Request	Reference		Reference
ED LOS (hours) 2
Interpreter Request	2.19 (2.18, 2.21)	<0.001	2.59 (2.49, 2.69)	0.046
No Interpreter Request	2.37 (2.37, 2.38)		2.61 (2.51, 2.70)
ED Readmission within 7 Days
Interpreter Request	1.01 (0.96, 1.06)	0.727	1.03 (0.98, 1.09)	0.182
No Interpreter Request	Reference		Reference
ICU/Hospital Admission/Transfer
Interpreter Request	0.74 (0.71, 0.77)	<0.001	1.06 (1.01, 1.11)	0.014
No Interpreter Request	Reference		Reference

^∗ED LOS modeled using linear regression; ED readmission and ICU/hospital admission/transfer modeled using logistic regression.

¹Adjusted Estimates account for age at baseline, insurance status, means of arrival, and maximum acuity.

²ED LOS (hours) was log-transformed prior to linear regression analysis and reverse-exponentiated for interpretation.

³0.77% difference in adjusted ED LOS hours between interpreter groups; 7%, 3%, and 6% differences in adjusted odds for (1) change in acuity, (2) ED readmission, and (3) ICU/hospital admittance/transfer, respectively.