Table 2.
General characteristics of study participants in the case and control group.
| Variables | SLE cases (n = 421) | Controls (n = 425) | P values |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) (means ± SD) | 49.8 ± 11.7 | 48.6 ± 10.9 | 0.199 |
| Females, N (%) | 284 (67.5) | 290 (68.2) | 0.809 |
| Current smoking, N (%) | 128 (30.4) | 80 (18.8) | 0.000092 |
| Alcohol drinking, N (%) | 142 (33.7) | 155 (36.5) | 0.404 |
| BMI (kg/m2) (means ± SD) | 23.1 ± 7.4 | 23.9 ± 7.8 | 0.126 |
| Duration of disease (years) | 5.8 (2.7-8.1) | ||
| SLEDAI | 15 (5-29) |
SLEDAI: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index.