Table 3.
Association of demographic and clinical variables with overall survival for resected pancreatic cancer patients estimated by adjusted multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression
| Variable | Category | The US | The US (white) | Belgium | The Netherlands | Slovenia | Norway |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Used no. | 8657 | 7170 | 979 | 833 | 109 | 96 | |
| HR (95% CI)1 | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | ||
| Year of diagnosis | Per year; continuous | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) | 0.96 (0.89–1.03) | 0.80 (0.69–0.93) |
| Age | Per year; continuous | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | 1.02 (1.01–1.02) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | 1.04 (1.00–1.08) |
| Sex | Female | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Male | 1.10 (1.05–1.16) | 1.12 (1.06–1.18) | 0.93 (0.80–1.07) | 1.08 (0.91–1.29) | 1.49 (0.96–2.32) | 1.14 (0.67–1.95) | |
| Tumor location | Pancreas head | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Pancreas body | 1.03 (0.92–1.15) | 1.04 (0.92–1.17) | 1.34 (0.99–1.82) | 1.19 (0.69–2.04) | 1.33 (0.47–3.81) | 0.40 (0.05–2.98) | |
| Pancreas tail | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) | 1.03 (0.93–1.14) | 1.00 (0.76–1.30) | 0.85 (0.57–1.26) | 0.39 (0.09–1.66) | 2.67 (1.09–6.53) | |
| Other2 | 1.02 (0.93–1.13) | 1.03 (0.93–1.15) | 0.95 (0.80–1.12) | 0.92 (0.65–1.38) | 0.83 (0.37–1.84) | 0.89 (0.30–2.65) | |
| T stage | T1 | 0.66 (0.57–0.75) | 0.70 (0.61–0.81) | 0.68 (0.47–0.97) | 0.48 (0.33–0.71) | – | 0.17 (0.04–0.72) |
| T2 | 0.86 (0.79–0.93) | 0.88 (0.81–0.97) | 0.89 (0.74–1.08) | 1.02 (0.82–1.26) | 0.70 (0.29–1.67) | 0.89 (0.49–1.61) | |
| T3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
| N stage | N0 | 0.65 (0.61–0.69) | 0.65 (0.61–0.69) | 0.78 (0.66–0.92) | 0.51 (0.41–0.64) | 0.77 (0.40–1.51) | 0.71 (0.39–1.29) |
| N1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
| Differentiation | Well | 0.60 (0.55–0.66) | 0.59 (0.53–0.65) | 0.68 (0.55–0.85) | 0.48 (0.35–0.67) | 0.57 (0.27–1.22) | 0.31 (0.04–2.58) |
| Intermediate | 0.77 (0.73–0.81) | 0.78 (0.73–0.82) | 0.81 (0.69–0.94) | 0.61 (0.50–0.73) | 0.82 (0.51–1.32) | 0.93 (0.54–1.61) | |
| Poor/undifferentiated | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
1HRs were calculated by Cox proportional hazard regression with adjustment for year of diagnosis, age, sex, tumor location, T, N, and M stages, histology, and differentiation. In stratified analyses, the stratification factor was omitted from the model. Statistically significant HRs are shown in italics
2Other: pancreas duct, overlapping lesion, and not otherwise specified location
HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, −, not available