Table 2.

Functional connectivity (FC) between brain regions of the VA-related network in neurotypical (NT) controls: Differences indicate lower FC in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus controls.

Pair of regions	NT Group	Between-Group Differences: FCADHD < FCNT
	z	Fisher’s ZNT	Pearson rNT	Fisher’s ZADHD	Pearson rADHD	Cohen’s d	P
r aIns – l LOC	3.12	0.597	0.535	0.136	0.135	0.87	0.99
r aIns – l aIns	3.02	0.888	0.710	0.198	0.195	0.66	0.97
r aIns – vermis	2.09	0.442	0.415	−0.063	−0.063	0.82	0.99
r aIns – r Thal	1.76	0.385	0.367	−0.051	−0.051	0.66	0.98
l aIns – l LOC	2.97	0.551	0.501	−0.070	−0.070	1.11	1.00
r Thal – l LOC	2.86	0.422	0.399	0.065	0.065	0.80	0.99
r TPJ – l LOC	2.83	0.336	0.324	−0.089	−0.089	0.99	1.00
r TPJ – r MOG	1.79
r TPJ – l IFJ	2.25
r TPJ – r IFJ	1.88
r TPJ – dmPFC	1.90
r IPS – r MFG	2.78
r IFJ – l IFJ	2.80
r IFJ – r MFG	2.15

Note: z (column 2) reflects t-test-derived z-scores of NT-group average FC as significantly different from zero. FC is presented per group as Fisher’s Z scores and Pearson r for ease of interpretation. Group differences in FC were tested via Monte Carlo simulation of the null hypothesis (k = 10,000). Cohen’s d = effect size of the group difference; P = posterior probability (inverse significance value) of the group difference. Only significant differences (P ≥ 0.95) of at least medium size (Cohen’s d ≥ 0.50) are shown.

r = right; l = left; Thal = thalamus; for further abbreviations of brain regions, please see legend of Fig. 1.