Table 3.

Functional connectivity (FC) between brain regions of the VA-related network in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Differences indicate greater FC in patients versus neurotypical (NT) controls.

Pair of regions	ADHD Group	Between-Group Differences: FCADHD > FCNT
	z	Fisher’s ZNT	PearsonrNT	Fisher’s ZADHD	Pearson rADHD	Cohen’s d	P
r aIns – r MOG	2.51	−0.056	−0.056	0.543	0.495	0.76	0.99
l Thal – l IFJ	2.29	−0.075	−0.075	0.346	0.333	0.89	0.99
l IFJ - dmPFC	2.98	0.312	0.302	0.786	0.656	0.57	0.95
dmPFC – l dPMC	2.32	0.157	0.156	0.643	0.567	0.58	0.96
r TPJ – r MFG	−2.78	−0.062	−0.062	−0.383	−0.365	0.71	0.98
r aIns – r TPJ	1.92
r TPJ – r MOG	2.77
r MFG - r MOG	−1.89
r IFJ – l LOC	−3.00
l IFJ – l dPMC	2.05

Note: z (column 2) reflects t-test-derived z-scores of ADHD-group average FC as significantly different from zero. FC is presented per group as Fisher’s Z scores and Pearson r for ease of interpretation. Group differences in FC were tested via Monte Carlo simulation of the null hypothesis (k = 10,000). Cohen’s d = effect size of the group difference; P = posterior probability (inverse significance value) of the group difference. Only significant differences (P ≥ 0.95) of at least medium size (Cohen’s d ≥ 0.50) are shown.

r = right; l = left; Thal = thalamus; for further abbreviations of brain regions, please see legend of Fig. 1.