| Overall | Sarcopenia | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Cohort | ALM | ALM:BMI |
| N=4,984 | N=1487 | N=1296 | |
| Age, years | 71.1 ± 0.19 | 73.7±0.27 | 72.7±0.27 |
| Age Category | |||
| 60–70 years | 2176 (46.6) | 441 (20.2) | 466 (17.3) |
| 70–80 years | 1635 (35.2) | 495 (32.6) | 465 (26.3) |
| 80+ years | 1173 (18.2) | 551 (50.7) | 365 (32.5) |
| Female Sex (%) | 2531 (56.5) | 1028 (76.8) | 577 (47.3) |
| Race | |||
| Non-Hispanic White (%) | 2846 (81.2) | 885 (30.0) | 685 (22.6) |
| Non-Hispanic Black (%) | 811 (8.3) | 82 (11.2) | 56 (7.5) |
| Mexican American (%) | 1202 (7.3) | 462 (41.6) | 521 (42.3) |
| Other (%) | 125 (3.2) | 58 (47.8) | 34 (30.0) |
| Socioeconomic | |||
| Smoking | |||
| Never (%) | 2327 (46.7) | 779 (33.5) | 600 (22.8) |
| Former (%) | 2035 (41.4) | 506 (24.1) | 553 (24.0) |
| Current (%) | 611 (11.9) | 199(35.3) | 142 (20.7) |
| Education | |||
| <12 years (%) | 3301 (59.4) | 1070 (33.4) | 953 (26.0) |
| >12 years (%) | 1676(40.6) | 413 (24.7) | 342 (18.8) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes Mellitus (%) | 1060 (18.3) | 235 (21.1) | 320 (28.5) |
| Arthritis (%) | 2379 (50.2) | 696 (29.9) | 644 (24.3) |
| Coronary Artery Disease (%) | 870 (18.3) | 246 (29.6) | 269 (32.0) |
| Cancer (%) | 916 (21.7) | 270 (29.0) | 208 (21.0) |
| Anthropometrics | |||
| Weight, kg | 77.7±0.30 | 60.6±0.31 | 78.6±0.65 |
| Body Mass Index, kg/m2 | 28.2±0.10 | 24.1±0.12 | 30.4±0.20 |
| Body Mass Index >30kg/m2 (%) | 1466 (31.7) | 91 (4.7) | 557 (34.2) |
| Waist Circumference, cm | 100.1±0.22 | 89.0±0.35 | 104.9±0.57 |
| High Waist Circumference, cm | 2906 (65.1) | 605 (19.7) | 894 (26.5) |
| % Body Fat | 37.2±0.11 | 37.6±0.19 | 40.1 ± 0.26 |
| % with High Body Fat | 4,195 (88.2) | ||
| Lean mass % | 60.4±0.01 | 60.0±0.18 | 57.6±0.25 |
| Appendicular Lean Mass, kg | 19.7±0.09 | 14.4±0.07 | 18.4±0.19 |
| ALM/BMI | 0.706±0.003 | 0.61±0.003 | 0.61±0.005 |
| Prevalence (%) | --- | 1487 (29.9) | 1296 (23.0) |
| Hypertension | |||
| Systolic, mmHg | 138.1±0.57 | 142.1±0.84 | 140.0±1.05 |
| Diastolic , mmHg | 68.1±0.37 | 66.4±0.65 | 67.1±0.58 |
| Lipids | |||
| Total Cholesterol, mg/dL | 210.5±0.72 | 216.0±1.49 | 208.4±1.80 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 54.2±0.40 | 61.4±0.67 | 52.2±0.56 |
| LDL-C, g/dL | |||
| Non-Fasting Triglycerides, mg/dL | 151.5±2.18 | 135.8±3.13 | 159.9±3.42 |
| Non-Fasting Glucose , mg/dL | 104.2±0.68 | 99.4±0.90 | 108.7±1.48 |
| Inflammatory Variables | |||
| CRP, mg/dL | 0.53±0.02 | 0.54±0.03 | 0.62±0.04 |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 391.4±2.93 | 396.4±4.43 | 406.5±4.18 |
| Fasting Subsample | |||
| HOMA-IR | 3.80±0.13 | 2.56±010 | 4.69±0.67 |
| HOMA-B | 106.8±5.03 | 91.9±2.90 | 103.8±16.85 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 110.7±1.34 | 104.0±1.53 | 115.7±3.22 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 157.4±2.75 | 146.9±4.7 | 168.5±5.42 |
| Insulin μU/mL | 13.1±0.28 | 9.53±0.29 | 15.2±1.65 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 126.5±1.45 | 127.1±2.30 | 125.0±2.56 |
All values represented are weighted means ± standard error, or counts (weighted prevalence). Sarcopenia using the ALM definition is defined as an appendicular lean mass <19.75 in men, or <15.02 in females; Sarcopenia using the ALM:BMI ratio is defined as <0.789 and <0.512. Obesity is defined as subjects fulfilling criteria for elevated body fat (≥25% in men, or ≥35% in females) in both definitions. High Waist circumference is defined as ≥88cm in females and ≥102cm in males. Natural log transformation was used for triglycerides and C-reactive protein
Abbreviations: ALM: appendicular lean mass; BMI: body mass index; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein; HOMA-B: Homeostatic model assessment beta sensitivity; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein.