Table 5.
Risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool
| Study | Bias due to confounding | Bias in selection of participants into the study | Bias in classification of interventions | Bias due to missing data | Bias in measurement of outcomes | Bias in selection of the reported result | Overall bias |
| Curet 199644 | Serious | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Gurbuz 199722 | Serious | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Conron 199943 | Serious | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Affleck 199916 | Serious | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Lyass 200125 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Carver 200517 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| McGory 200726 | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Upadhyay 200730 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Kirshtein 200923 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Sadot 200928 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Corneille 201020 | Serious | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| de Bakker 201133 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Eom 201234 | Serious | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Kapan 201335 | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| Chung 201319 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Peled 201427 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Cheng 201518 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Cox 201621 | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Laustsen 201624 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Segev 201629 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Winter 201731 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Yoo 201632 | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
| Karaman 201636 | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |