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. 2019 Feb 26;157(5):475–484. doi: 10.1530/REP-18-0466

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VIP promotes the proliferation of granular cells and inhibits the apoptosis of oocytes. Four-day-old ovaries were cultured with 10⁻⁷ mol/L VIP or VIP + VIP_6–28 (5 × 10⁻⁶ mol/L) for 3 days. (A and D) PCNA staining and TUNEL assay were conducted in the three groups mentioned above for proliferation and apoptosis observation. (B) Western blot was conducted to quantify the expression of PCNA. (C and E) The percentage of primordial follicles or oocytes with PCNA-positive or TUNEL-positive section. Scale bar: 100 μm. Values are mean ± s.d. of at least three experiments. (*P < 0.05 compared with the VIP-treated group, ^& P < 0.05 compared with the VIP + VIP_6–28-treated group).