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. 2019 Apr;25(4):691–700. doi: 10.3201/eid2504.180779

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This is a publication of the U.S. Government. This publication is in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from this work may be reprinted freely. Use of these materials should be properly cited.

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Evolutionary history of genotype 8 influenza viruses in southeast Mexico, showing interspecies transmission events, reassortment events, and virus migration events leading to the emergence of genotype 8 viruses in swine in Mexico in the W and CN regions and continued spread into SE Mexico in ≈2011. Within each pig, vertical lines represent the 8 segments of the influenza A virus genome, ordered longest to shortest, which are shaded according to virus lineage. Arrows represent direct transmission events between hosts. Reassortment events are indicated by multiple lines shaded in different colors. Segments donated from each lineage are indicated. Birds are depicted to reflect uncertainty about the specific avian species that transmitted influenza A viruses to swine in Europe and North America. CN, central; E, east; HA, hemagglutinin; MP, matrix protein; NA, neuraminidase, NP, nucleoprotein; NS, nonstructural; PA, polymerase acidic; PB, polymerase basic; SE, southeast; W, west.