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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Comput Educ. 2018 Sep 27;128:284–311. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2018.09.016

Table 7.

Effect of WKe-Book on Word Knowledge Task (raw score) at Pre- (top), Mid- (middle) and Post Testing (bottom)

Final estimation of fixed effects at Pre-test (with robust standard errors)
Fixed Effect Coefficient Stand ard error t-ratio Approx.
d.f. 		pvalue
For INTRCPT1, β0
    INTRCPT2, γ00 10.286 0.212 48.511 22 <0.001
    GRADE, γ01 2.918 0.242 12.048 22 <0.001
    WKe-Book Immediate Treatment, γ02 −0.279 0.399 −0.699 22 0.492
For BOOKCLUB slope, β1
    INTRCPT2, γ10 0.276 0.445 0.621 576 0.535
    WKe-Book Immediate Treatment, γ11 0.102 0.508 0.201 576 0.841
Final estimation of variance components
Random Effect Standard Deviation Variance
Component		 d.f. χ2 p-value
INTRCPT1, u0 0.676 0.457 22 39.606 0.012
level-1, r 3.696 13.664
Final estimation of fixed effects at Mid-test (with robust standard errors)
Fixed Effect Coefficient Standard error t-ratio Approx. d.f. p-value
For INTRCPT1, β0
    INTRCPT2, γ00 11.773 0.308 38.211 22 <0.001
    GRADE, γ01 1.072 0.352 3.038 22 0.006
    WKe-Book Immediate Treatment, γ02 0.945 0.527 1.790 22 0.087
For BOOKCLUB slope, β1
    INTRCPT2, γ10 −0.029 0.368 −0.080 558 0.936
    WKe-Book Immediate Treatment, γ11 1.009 0.477 2.115 558 0.035
For Pre-WKTOTAL slope, β2
    INTRCPT2, γ20 0.809 0.041 19.303 558 <0.001
Final estimation of variance components
Random Effect Standard Deviation Variance Component d.f. χ2 p-value
INTRCPT1, u0 1.348 1.817 22 112.187 <0.001
level-1, r 3.298 10.877
Final estimation of fixed effects at Post-test (with robust standard errors)
Fixed Effect Coefficient Standard error t-ratio Approx. d.f. p-value
For INTRCPT1, β0
    INTRCPT2, γ00 13.557 0.797 16.993 22 <0.001
    GRADE141, γ01 1.145 0.340 3.362 22 0.003
    WKB-IM, γ02 −0.498 0.833 −0.599 22 0.556
For Book club slope, β1
    INTRCPT2, γ10 1.128 0.589 1.912 556 0.056
    WKB-IM, γ11 −0.655 0.635 −1.032 556 0.303
For Pre-WKTOTAL slope, β2
    INTRCPT2, γ20 0.835 0.051 16.162 556 <0.001
Final estimation of variance components
Random Effect Standard Deviation Variance Component d.f. χ2 p-value
INTRCPT1, u0 1.535 2.357 22 109.628 <0.001
level-1, r 3.706 13.736

Deviance = 3299.592889

Deviance = 3099.857907

Deviance = 3224.682594

Note. WKB-IM is coded 1 = immediate treatment classroom, 0 = delayed treatment control class room. Book club is coded 1 = participated; 0 = did not participate in book club. Pre-WKTOTAL is the pre-test raw score on the Word Knowledge Task. See Figure 7 for graphical presentation of the results.