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. 2019 Feb 28;23(Suppl 1):S40–49. doi: 10.5213/inj.1938048.024

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Copyright © 2019 Korean Continence Society

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 3. — Effects of treadmill exercise on the expressions of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), and protein kinas B (Akt). (A) p-p44/42 MAPK (p-Erk1/2) expression in the hippocampus. (B) p-CREB expression in the hippocampus. (C) p-PI 3-kinase p85α expression in the hippocampus. (D) p-Akt expression in the hippocampus. WT, wildtype group; WT-EX, wildtype with treadmill exercise group; TG, BMAL1-transgenic group; TG-EX, BMAL1-transgenic with treadmill exercise group. Data are represented as mean ±standard error of the mean. *P<0.05 compared to the WT. #P<0.05 compared to the TG.