Table 5.
Analyses of cumulative expected lead and ALS case status in women, Denmark, 1982–2013
| n=60 105 | Controls N (%) | Cases N (%) | OR (95% CI)* | aOR (95% CI)† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No lag | ||||
| No exposure | 53 073 (89.27) | 581 (88.97) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Ever exposure (μmol/L)‡ | 6379 (10.73) | 72 (1 1.03) | 1.04 (0.81 to 1.33) | 1.07 (0.83 to 1.38) |
| <46.00 | 1560 (2.62) | 20 (3.06) | 1.18 (0.75 to 1.84) | 1.17 (0.73 to 1.88) |
| 46.00–178.50 | 1638 (2.76) | 17 (2.60) | 0.95 (0.59 to 1.54) | 1.07 (0.66 to 1.73) |
| >178.50 | 3181 (5.35) | 35 (5.36) | 1.01 (0.72 to 1.43) | 1.04 (0.73 to 1.48) |
| Test for trend | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.03) | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.03) | ||
| 5-year lag | ||||
| No exposure | 53 952 (90.75) | 590 (90.35) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Ever exposure (μmol/L)‡ | 5500 (9.25) | 63 (9.65) | 1.05 (0.81 to 1.37) | 1.08 (0.82 to 1.42) |
| <46.00 | 1590 (2.67) | 21 (3.22) | 1.21 (0.78 to 1.88) | 1.20 (0.76 to 1.91) |
| 46.00–178.50 | 1620 (2.72) | 18 (2.76) | 1.02 (0.64 to 1.46) | 1.06 (0.65 to 1.73) |
| >178.20 | 2290 (3.85) | 24 (3.68) | 0.97 (0.64 to 1.46) | 1.00 (0.66 to 1.53) |
| Test for trend | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.05) | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.05) | ||
| 10-year lag | ||||
| No exposure | 54 274 (91.29) | 595 (91.12) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Ever exposure (μmol/L)‡ | 5178 (8.71) | 58 (8.88) | 1.03 (0.79 to 1.35) | 1.04 (0.78 to 1.37) |
| <46.00 | 1549 (2.61) | 19 (2.91) | 1.13 (0.71 to 1.79) | 1.09 (0.67 to 1.78) |
| 46.00–178.50 | 1555 (2.61) | 18 (2.76) | 1.06 (0.66 to 1.71) | 1.09 (0.67 to 1.78) |
| >178.50 | 2074 (3.49) | 21 (3.22) | 0.93 (0.60 to 1.44) | 0.95 (0.60 to 1.49) |
| Test for trend | 0.98 (0.93 to 1.04) | 1.00 (0.93 to 1.05) | ||
*
Controls were individually matched to cases on age and sex.
†
Models adjusted for SES and residential location.
‡
Cumulative expected exposure=level of exposure*days employed for jobs with >50% probability of exposure.
ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; aOR, adjusted OR; SES, socioeconomic status.