Comparison 3. Cognitive training vs alternative treatment immediately post intervention.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Change in a global measure of cognition (composite)	7	769	Std. Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	0.21 [‐0.23, 0.64]
2 Change in a global measure of cognition (composite)_zero correlation	7	769	Std. Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	‐0.03 [‐0.23, 0.17]
3 Change in a global measure of cognition	7	724	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.16 [‐0.28, 0.60]
4 Change in a global measure of cognition_zero correlation	7	724	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.02 [‐0.24, 0.20]
5 Change in disease progression	3	131	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.15 [‐0.33, 0.63]
6 Change in delayed memory	3	147	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.71 [‐0.33, 1.75]
7 Change in immediate memory	3	147	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.51 [‐0.19, 1.21]
8 Change in attention and working memory	2	69	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.91 [‐0.46, 2.27]
9 Change in language (naming)	1	16	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.63 [‐1.65, 0.38]
10 Change in verbal letter fluency	3	75	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.34 [‐0.38, 1.05]
11 Change in verbal category fluency	2	55	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.28 [‐1.46, 0.89]
12 Change in executive function	4	163	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.44 [‐0.26, 3.14]
13 Change in speed of information processing	2	55	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.00 [‐0.55, 0.55]
14 Change in meta cognition (self‐reported)	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
15 Change in meta cognition (informant‐reported)	0	0	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
16 Change in participants' mood	3	543	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.11 [‐0.29, 0.07]
17 Change in capacity for activities of daily living	3	525	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.25 [‐0.43, ‐0.07]
18 Change in general health and quality of life	4	631	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.49 [1.00, 0.02]
19 Change in behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)	3	672	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.11 [‐0.27, 0.06]
20 Participant burden (retention rates)	4	639	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.78 [0.24, 2.57]
21 Change in burden of care (CAREGIVER)	3	591	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.15 [‐0.47, 0.17]
22 Change in quality of life (CAREGIVER)	1	88	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.25 [‐0.74, 0.24]
23 Change in mood and well‐being (CAREGIVER)	1	88	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.50 [0.96, 2.04]