Table 1. Selected characteristics of cognitive training, rehabilitation, and stimulation
	Cognitive training	Cognitive rehabilitation	Cognitive stimulation
Target	Impairment	Participation restriction	Participation restriction
Context	Structured tasks and environments	The person’s natural environment	Usually a clinic/residential care or daycare setting
Focus of intervention	Specific cognitive abilities and processes; psychoeducation and strategy training sometimes included	Groups of cognitive abilities and processes required to perform individually relevant everyday tasks; behaviour, environment, and everyday activity. Psychoeducation and strategy training sometimes included	Orientation, global cognitive status
Format	Individualised or group	Individualised	Typically group
Proposed mechanism of action	Mainly restorative; mechanisms related to neuroplasticity	Combination of restorative and compensatory approaches; reduction of 'excess disability'	Improved orientation; general activation
Goals	Improved or maintained ability in specific cognitive domains	Performance and functioning in relation to collaboratively set behavioural or functional goals	Improved overall orientation and engagement in pleasant abilities