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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2019 Feb 28;40(4):253–266. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.02.004

Figure 3. Interaction network of MSTFs.

Figure 3.

The interaction of multiple MSTFs represent a complex interaction network that regulates the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic programing (such as glycolysis) in ECs. Three biological processes-oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolism cross talk with each other. The KLF2/NRF2 crosstalk, and NF-κB/HIF-1α crosstalk are two examples. Glycolysis promotes endothelial inflammation, while KLF2 suppresses vascular inflammation, glycolysis, and HIF-1α expression/activity. It is plausible that KLF2 may negatively regulate DF induced upregulation of HIF-1α. On the other hand, HIF-1α could also possibly be involved in DF induced KLF2 downregulation. Additionally, redox-independent regulation of inflammatory and metabolic gene expression by NRF2 further pinponint the potential interaction network between KLF2 and NRF2. The elucidation of new MSTFs (transcription factor X) and their cross regulation with other MSTFs are critical for further understanding flow-induced transcriptional program and functional consequences.