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. 2019 Feb;81(1):103–112. doi: 10.18999/nagjms.81.1.103

Table 3. Associations with Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL).

Variable Impaired OHRQoL Frequent impaired OHRQoL
COR (95% CI) AOR (95% CI) COR (95% CI) AOR (95% CI)
Sociodemographic variables
Age (50–65 years) (base=35–49 years) 0.94 (0.67, 1.31) 1.84 (1.20, 2.83)** 1.25 (0.78, 2.03)
Male (base=female) 0.79 (0.58, 1.09) 1.28 (0.84, 1.96)
Education (high) (base=low) 1.12 (0.81, 1.56) 1.47 (0.96, 2.24)
Household income per month
Low (50000–170000) 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference) 1 (Reference)
Medium (171000–299000) 0.70 (0.46, 1.07) 1.25 (0.69, 2.27) 1.39 (0.72, 2.68)
High (300000 and more) 0.73 (0.50, 1.05) 1.90 (1.14, 3.15)* 2.07 (1.17, 3.66)*
Oral health status
Number of teeth (0–19) (base=20–32) 2.25 (1.28, 3.97)** 1.97 (1.01, 3.84)* 2.79 (1.56, 5.00)*** 2.01 (1.02, 3.97)*
Cavity (1 or more) (base=0) 2.06 (1.49, 2.84)*** 1.79 (1.26, 2.55)*** 2.91 (1.86, 4.56)*** 2.32 (1.41, 3.82)***
Perceived periodontal health (poor) (base=Average to excellent) 15.34 (6.12, 38.43)*** 10.34 (4.00, 26.76)*** 5.67 (3.45, 9.32)*** 4.73 (2.19, 10.21)***
General health status
Chronic conditions (1 or more) (base=none) 1.06 (0.70, 1.61) 0.73 (0.41, 1.32)
Depressive symptoms (yes) (base=no) 3.11 (1.15, 8.40)* 3.23 (1.14, 9.15)* 4.30 (1.89, 9.75)*** 4.88 (1.66, 14.33)**
Oral health behaviour
Drinker water (piped, bottled) (base=other sources) 0.62 (0.45, 0.85)** 0.65 (0.45, 0.93)* 0.52 (0.34, 0.79)** 0.55 (0.34, 0.88)*
Tooth cleaning (twice or more/day) (base:<twice/day) 0.71 (0.51, 0.98)* 0.88 (0.61, 1.27) 1.22 (0.79, 1.87)
Uses toothpaste with fluoride (yes) (base=no) 0.44 (0.27, 0.70)*** 0.44 (0.26, 0.73)** 0.50 (0.30, 0.82)** 0.53 (0.35, 0.89)*
Soft drinks (≥once/day) (base:<once/day) 1.59 (1.15, 2.19)** 1.63 (1.11, 2.39)* 0.74 (0.48, 1.14)
Never dental care visit (base=any visit) 0.38 (0.28, 0.53)*** 0.45 (0.31, 0.65)*** 0.32 (0.20, 0.50**** 0.46 (0.28, 0.76)**
General health behaviour
Smoking (yes) (base=no) 0.89 (0.61, 1.28) 1.10 (0.68, 1.79)
Problem drinking (yes) (base=no) 0.83 (0.50, 1.38) 1.13 (0.58, 2.20)
Physically inactive (yes) (base=active) 1.21 (0.88, 1.66) 2.08 (1.35, 3.21)*** 1.66 (1.04, 2.65)*
Inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption (yes) (base=no) 0.71 (0.48, 1.07) 1.04 (0.61, 1.78)

AOR=Adjusted Odds Ratio, CI=Confidence Interval; ***P<0.001; **P<0.01; *P<0.05