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. 2019 Mar 19;10:226. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00226

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Key considerations for EV-based clinical applications. A number of key steps require optimization before clinical translation, including the source and the purification method of EVs, feasible approaches for membrane engineering and cargo-loading, more comprehensive and precision characterization methods, and the dose, route and timing of EV administration. Of note, all the steps must meet CMC and GMP requirements and the needs of individualized treatment.