Table 7.

The experimental models used to evaluate plant extracts and phytochemicals against neurotoxicity mediating α-synuclein oligomerization, and fibrillation.

Experimental models	α-synuclein based pathogenesis	References
MPTP-intoxicated monkeys showing PD features	Accumulation α-syn oligomers in the striatum	Chen et al., 2015b
MPP(+)-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells	Increased α-syn level and expression	Wang et al., 2014
Rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in cell lines	Increased α-syn aggregation and synphilin-1 deposits	Kabiraj et al., 2014
Rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells	Increased α-syn level and expression	Deng et al., 2013
Lipid vesicles and SH-SY5Y cells	Formation of Aβ42, α-syn and tau aggregate complexes	Camilleri et al., 2013
Cytotoxicity in catecholaminergic PC12 cells	Increased α-syn level and expression	Teraoka et al., 2012
MPTP/MPP+-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells	Increased α-syn level and expression	Patel et al., 2012
Dopamine-induction in SH-SY5Y cells	Increased α-syn expression	Ham et al., 2013
Rotenone-neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y and PC12 cells	Enhanced degradation of α-syn	Wu et al., 2011
Transgenic Drosophila expressing human α-syn	Increased α-syn l expression	Long et al., 2009
Yeast-based model expressing α-syn	Increased α-syn fibrillation-induced neurotoxicity	Griffioen et al., 2006
MPTP and 6-OHDA-induced PD in rodents	Increased of α-syn expression in the SNpc	Mandel et al., 2004